Résumés
Résumé
Le développement du transport actif (TA), c’est-à-dire des déplacements utilitaires incluant la marche, le cyclisme et l’utilisation des transports en commun, est une stratégie utilisée par les villes pour stimuler l’activité physique. Ottawa est un exemple remarquable de succès à cet égard considérant les taux de TA dans le contexte nord-américain. Cependant, la pratique du TA y est plutôt faible si on la compare à celle des résidents des villes internationales les plus performantes, suggérant que cette difficulté à accroître les taux de TA pourrait être associée au contexte socioculturel nord-américain. En appliquant le cadre des coalitions de cause, cette étude met en lumière l’importance d’une catégorie d’obstacles politiques tenaces qui nuisent aux efforts de promotion à long terme du TA à Ottawa. Des entrevues individuelles ont été menées auprès de 21 experts en TA basés à Ottawa. Ces données ont été complétées par une revue de la littérature. La recherche démontre que les défis que pose le contexte socioculturel nord-américain et le système politique dans lequel la ville s’insère représentent de sérieux obstacles à la promotion du TA. Considérées dans une perspective de promotion de la santé en milieu urbain, ces conclusions suggèrent que les tenants de la santé publique devraient diriger leurs efforts d’influence dans des domaines qui ne sont pas traditionnellement les leurs, soit la fiscalité municipale et les cultures professionnelles et les pratiques des domaines des transports et de l’aménagement urbain.
Mots-clés :
- transport actif,
- marche,
- cyclisme,
- transports en commun,
- la santé dans toutes les politiques,
- théorie de science politique,
- cadre des coalitions de cause,
- étude de cas,
- Ottawa
Abstract
The promotion of active transportation (AT) – utilitarian trips including walking, cycling, and public transit use – represents an opportunity for increasing physical activity. Ottawa is a noteworthy example of success when measured by AT rates and assessed in a North American context. At the same time, its AT performance is weak in comparison with those of the best international cities, suggesting that its failure to achieve higher AT rates may be related to factors associated with its North American location. Through an application of the advocacy coalition framework (ACF), a formal policy process theory from political science, this paper highlights the importance of a category of enduring political obstacles (the ACF’s relatively stable parameters) with respect to long-term AT promotion efforts in Ottawa. Individual interviews were conducted with 21 Ottawa-based AT experts. Document review was employed as a secondary method. Overall, the research indicates challenges related to Ottawa’s North American sociocultural context and its political system constituted very strong obstacles to AT promotion. Viewed from the perspective of attempts to promote health in urban settings, these findings suggest that in jurisdictions subject to challenges similar to those identified for AT promotion in Ottawa, health-based actors should be encouraged to direct advocacy efforts to areas not normally within their traditional domains. In the case of AT in Ottawa, these might include, for example, the municipal revenue system and traditions within the field of transportation and land use planning.
Keywords:
- active transportation,
- walking cycling,
- public transit,
- health in all policy,
- political science theory,
- advocacy coalition framework,
- case study,
- Ottawa
Parties annexes
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