Résumés
Résumé
Maillé par une grande diversité d’associations communautaires à but non lucratif (non-profit), le quartier du South Bronx à New York est aussi le lieu d’accueil d’une grande partie des foyers (shelters) pour la population la plus pauvre de la ville. À partir d’une ethnographie auprès d’une association communautaire du South Bronx — le Community Association of the South Bronx (CASB) — l’article décrit la façon dont les organisations non-profit se sont transformées, s’adaptant au double processus de démantèlement de l’État social américain et à la délégation de la gestion des aides sociales aux villes. L’article interroge ainsi les rapports entre associations non-profit et for profit et l’hybridation (Duvoux, 2015) qu’opère, dans les quartiers populaires, le rapprochement des deux logiques. Cette dynamique, facilitée par les mesures dérégulatrices en faveur du secteur privé, accompagne une informalisation de l’État, ici dans sa composante municipale. En partant de l’expérience de Mickey, un ancien prisonnier vivant dans le South Bronx, l’article retrace les effets en termes de criminalisation et de dépendances que crée l’imposition d’une logique de marché dans la gestion sociale des non-profits.
Abstract
Stitched together by a diverse network of non-profit community organizations, New York City’s South Bronx neighbourhood hosts a large number of shelters for the city’s lower-income population. Based on an ethnography of the Community Association of the South Bronx (CASB), the article describes the ways that non-profit organizations have altered and adapted the double-barrelled process of dismantling the American social state as well as the ways in which the delegation of social service management to cities supports this. The article also questions the relationships between the non-profit and for-profit associations and the hybridisation (Duvoux, 2015) that generates, in lower-class neighbourhoods, a reconciliation of the two approaches. This dynamic, facilitated by the delegation methods favoured by the private sector, is accompanied by the informalization of the state here in its municipal component. Using Mickey, an ex-convict living in the South Bronx, and his experience as an entry point, the article retraces the effects in terms of criminalization and the dependence created by the imposition of market logic management of social non-profits.
Parties annexes
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