Résumés
Abstract
This essay focuses on the uneasy relationship between scholarship and performance. I argue that this uneasiness stems from a still pervasive hierarchy, one that gives scholarship the power to regulate, even repress, what musicians themselves know and understand of music through the act of performing. This relation has far-reaching consequences that not only underscore basic epistemological formulations concerning the nature of both music and performance, but also govern what constitutes authoritative knowledge about the art. Indeed, in the modern research university, this relationship effectively accords epistemological legitimacy to every institutional identity that has something to say about music except that of the musician herself. If the musician and her activity figure in, they do so in subordinate positions, as objects to be studied, interviewed, prodded, or measured, or as vehicles for the application of disciplinary or research-based understanding. Such a situation enacts a power dynamic disturbingly similar to those operative in political structures founded on class difference, social inequality, and slavery. Indeed, I trace this dynamic back to Aristotle’s Politics, where his defence of slavery effectively separates the work of thought from that of the body so as to keep thought elevated and pure. The relevance of this separation to musical matters becomes explicit in Boethian music theory, where those who merely think about music become musical authorities, while those who make music (whether as composers or performers) remain largely ignorant of what they are doing. Excerpts from musicological literature past and present show that this division, what might be called “intellectual despotism,” continues to underwrite institutional music discourse in at least four salient ways: (1) by distorting music from a practice into an object to be observed; (2) by privileging listener-spectatorship and the experience of music had therein; (3) by promoting to sole epistemological authority those who speak to music through the mouthpieces of other disciplinary voices; and finally (4) by constructing musicians as benighted subjects who need to be “educated,” “informed,” or “civilized” by scholarship. The article concludes by outlining a program for undermining this politics, one that places musicians, as well as the knowledge embodied in music-making, at the foundation of musical understanding.
Résumé
Cet article se penche sur la relation difficile entre le savoir et la pratique musicale. L’auteur avance que cette relation est basée sur une hiérarchie encore très présente, qui attribue aux disciplines du savoir le pouvoir de réguler et même de limiter ce que les musiciens savent et comprennent eux-mêmes de la musique à travers leur pratique. Les conséquences en sont importantes puisque cette relation imprègne les définitions épistémologiques de la nature de la musique et de l’interprétation, et qu’elle détermine les connaissances fondamentales portant sur cet art. En effet, dans l’université de recherche d’aujourd’hui, cette relation fait qu’est attribuée la légitimité épistémologique à toutes les instances institutionnelles s’occupant de musique exceptée celle des musiciens eux-mêmes. Lorsque les musiciens et leur activité sont considérés, ils le sont toujours dans une position subordonnée, en tant qu’objet d’étude, pouvant être questionné, sondé, mesuré, ou en tant que lieu d’application d’une grille d’analyse relevant d’une discipline et/ou d’une démarche de recherche particulière. Ce type de situation implique une dynamique de pouvoir ressemblant de façon troublante aux dynamiques politiques de pouvoir basées sur la classe, l’inégalité sociale, et l’esclavage. Cette dynamique peut être retracée jusqu’à la Politique d’Aristote, ouvrage dans lequel sa défense de l’esclavage repose sur la séparation du travail de l’esprit du travail manuel afin de protéger la pureté de la pensée. L’expression de cette séparation est évidente dans la théorie boécienne de la musique, qui considère ceux qui pensent la musique comme l’unique autorité, et ceux qui « font la musique » (compositeurs et musiciens) comme des ignorants qui ne savent ce qu’ils font. Plusieurs passages d’ouvrages musicologiques récents et moins récents continuent à présenter cette position, que l’on pourrait nommer « despotisme intellectuel », et à déterminer le discours institutionnel sur la musique au moins de quatre façons : (1) en déformant la musique d’une pratique en un objet d’observation, (2) en privilégiant la position de l’auditeur et son expérience de la musique, (3) en donnant la primauté et l’autorité épistémologique à ceux qui traitent de musique à partir d’autres disciplines, et, enfin, (4) en considérant les musiciens comme des ignorants ayant besoin d’être « éduqués », « informés », et « civilisés » par l’étude. Cet article conclut en proposant un programme pour déconstruire cette politique, et qui place les musiciens et leurs savoirs enracinés dans la pratique, aux fondements de la compréhension de la musique.
Parties annexes
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