Résumés
Abstract
Following the Second World War Francis Poulenc took a keen interest in the music of the French avant-garde and was compelled to react in both his music and his writings to the aesthetic and technical experiments of the younger generation. Although the music of composers like Olivier Messiaen and Pierre Boulez did not elicit a profound change on the substance of Poulenc’s compositional language, he did grow to the realization that the style he had embraced during the interwar period—one generally described as light-hearted and ironic—had become largely out of sync with new critical trends and concerns. Poulenc’s self-conscious aim to assert a personal form of “seriousness” in his works—one constructed with recourse to religiosity, stylistic homogeneity and the ostensibly concomitant values of sincerity and authenticity—formed the backbone of a new tone and persona that emerged following the war and which inflected his entire body of work up to his death in 1963. Poulenc’s desire to reinvent himself during this period forces us to re-examine his works, writings, and elements of his biography for the way in which they were constructed as a means of facilitating the discursive emergence of this new, more “serious,” persona.
Résumé
Après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, Francis Poulenc s’est intéressé à la musique de l’avant-garde française, cette dernière l’ayant amené à réagir à la fois au sein de sa musique et dans ses écrits aux expériences esthétiques et techniques de la jeune génération. Bien que la musique de compositeurs tels qu’Olivier Messiaen et Pierre Boulez n’ait pas eu un impact notable sur l’essentiel du langage musical de Poulenc, ce dernier est devenu de plus en plus conscient que le style qu’il avait développé dans l’entre-deux-guerres, défini comme léger et ironique, n’était plus en phase avec les nouvelles préoccupations et tendances critiques. L’intention délibérée de Poulenc d’adopter un caractère plus sérieux dans sa musique, caractère construit sur une thématique religieuse, une homogénéité stylistique et sur les valeurs explicitement liées de sincérité et d’authenticité, est devenue la base d’un nouveau son et d’une nouvelle « persona » qui se sont développés après la guerre et ont marqué son oeuvre jusqu’à sa mort en 1963. Le désir de Poulenc de se réinventer nous amène à réexaminer sa musique, ses écrits, certains éléments de sa vie et comment ces aspects se sont construits, afin de mieux comprendre l’émergence discursive de sa nouvelle et plus sérieuse « persona ».
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Acknowledgements
This article builds upon a conference paper, entitled “Poulenc’s Conversion Revisited,” which I delivered at the New York–St. Lawrence AMS Chapter Meeting at McGill University in April 2009, as well as upon a seminar presentation I gave at Keele University in March 2011. I would like to express my gratitude to the journal’s anonymous reviewers, Barbara L. Kelly, Julie Pedneault-Deslauriers, and the twelve students enrolled in my seminar at the University of Ottawa entitled “Francis Poulenc en contexte” for their insights, comments, and suggestions.
Biographical note
Christopher Moore is an associate professor of musicology at the University of Ottawa. His writings specialize in French music of the twentieth century and have been published in Les Cahiers de la société québécoise de recherche en musique,Journal of Musicology, Music&Politics, Musical Quarterly, and as chapters in a number of books. He is working on a collection of essays examining French music criticism of the interwar period as well as a study dealing with the relationship of gender to musical style and aesthetics in French music during the 1920s and 1930s. For further information visit http://artsites.uottawa.ca/christopher-moore/.
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