Résumés
Résumé
L’article présente une revue de la littérature sur le thème du capital social (CS) à partir de 103 articles publiés lors de la décennie écoulée (2002-2011) dans les principales revues dédiées à la recherche en PME et en entrepreneuriat. Le capital social est souvent considéré comme une ressource clé pour la PME, source de performance et d’efficacité dans la démarche entrepreneuriale. Nous montrons que les problématiques envisageables à partir du concept de capital social sont particulièrement nombreuses et diverses, mais que toutefois, elles reposent sur des constructions théoriques et des démarches méthodologiques très hétérogènes. Le capital social est le plus souvent utilisé comme une variable explicative de la performance de la PME ou de la démarche entrepreneuriale. Ce champ de recherche, s’il peut toujours être complété, paraît cependant moins nécessaire aujourd’hui. Par contre, les recherches émergentes sur le capital social où celui-ci est appréhendé non plus comme une cause, mais comme le résultat d’un processus managérial du dirigeant de PME ou de l’entrepreneur, s’avèrent, selon nous, plus pertinentes et porteuses de perspectives pour notre champ. Les travaux sur les effets négatifs et sclérosants du capital social sont également des pistes à creuser en matière de recherche sur les PME.
Mots-clés :
- Capital social,
- PME,
- Réseaux,
- Entrepreneuriat,
- Revue de littérature
Abstract
In this article, we present a literature review on social capital (SC). It is based on 103 articles published between 2002 and 2011 in main academic journals dedicated to research on entrepreneurship and small business. Social Capital is a key resource for a SME which enhances entrepreneurship success and SME’s performance. This review shows a strong conceptual and methodological heterogeneity. In most cases, SC is used as an independent variable and performance as a dependent variable. We show that researches where SC is treated as a dependent variable are emerging, especially researches where SC is a consequence of managerial practices or entrepreneurial practices. We conclude that there are great perspectives of research on this topic. Negative effects of social capital on entrepreneurship and SMEs management are also promising fields of research.
Keywords:
- Social capital,
- SMEs,
- Networks,
- Entrepreneurship,
- Literature review
Resumen
Este artículo examina la literatura sobre el tema del capital social a partir de 103 publicaciones (de 2002 a 2011) en las principales revistas dedicadas a las PyMEs y al empresariado. El capital social es un recurso clave para la PyME al ser una fuente de realización y de eficacia en la gestión empresarial. Mostramos que las problemáticas probables a partir del concepto de capital social son particularmente numerosas y diversas pero que no obstante reposan en construcciones teóricas y enfoques metodológicos muy heterogéneos. El capital social es utilizado la mayoría de las veces como una variable explicativa de la actuación de la PyME o de la gestión empresarial. Este campo de investigación, aun completándose, parece sin embargo menos necesario hoy. En cambio, las investigaciones emergentes sobre el capital social, donde éste ya no se entiende como una causa sino como el resultado de un proceso de gestión del dirigente de PyME o del empresario, se revelan, según nosotros, más pertinentes y portadoras de perspectivas para nuestro campo. Los trabajos sobre los efectos negativos del capital social también son pistas a seguir en materia de investigación sobre las PyMEs.
Palabras clave:
- Capital social,
- PyMEs,
- Redes,
- Empresariado,
- Revista de la literatura
Parties annexes
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