Résumés
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to develop the notions of particularism and generalism in argumentation theory. Generalism is the claim that to argue we need general rules that specify which data support which conclusions, while particularism denies it. The problem is that it is not always clear what these rules consist of, and in what sense argumentation depend on them. To clarify this, I will first introduce the discussion in moral philosophy and show how it has been adapted to argumentation theory. Then I will distinguish some ways of understanding rules and contend that their alleged necessity might be supported in at least three ways. This will allow me to identify some variants of generalism and, on this basis, to outline what I consider to be the most promising reading of particularism.
Keywords:
- atomism,
- argumentative rules,
- generalism,
- holism of reasons,
- particularism
Résumé
L’objectif de cet article est de développer les notions de particularisme et de généralisme en théorie de l’argumentation. Le généralisme est l’affirmation selon laquelle pour argumenter, nous avons besoin de règles générales qui précisent quelles données soutiennent quelles conclusions, alors que le particularisme le nie. Le problème est qu’il n’est pas toujours clair en quoi consistent ces règles et dans quel sens l’argumentation en dépend. Pour clarifier cela, je commencerai par introduire la discussion en philosophie morale et montrerai comment elle a été adaptée à la théorie de l’argumentation. Ensuite, je distinguerai quelques façons de comprendre les règles et soutiendrai que leur prétendue nécessité pourrait être soutenue d’au moins trois façons. Cela me permettra d’identifier certaines variantes du généralisme et, sur cette base, d’esquisser ce que je considère comme la lecture la plus prometteuse du particularisme.
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