Résumés
Abstract
This paper is primarily concerned with the way in which the strategies Indigenous peoples choose to address and deal with state power are being characterized by recent scholarly assessments of territorial and self-government agreements in Canada. The authors contend that by emphasizing almost exclusively seemingly irreversible structural determinants (such as colonialism and the capitalist logic of dispossession), the interpretative orientation of that literature tends to misrepresent the nature and dynamics of First Nations politics in the Canadian context and minimizes the positive impact of their action on social change. On the basis of an examination of contentious politics and the resulting institutional practices elaborated in relation to the management of forest resources and environmental policy in Eeyou Istchee (land of the James Bay Cree) over the past 30 years, the paper underscores instead the Cree’s political agency and their ability to secure a substantial measure of control over the management of forest resources and the definition of environmental policy. It argues that the Cree have largely succeeded in reversing the historical logic of domination to which Indigenous peoples have been submitted and in reappropriating key instruments of collective empowerment. The paper ultimately offers a defence for an analytical stance that appreciates First Nations’ political and policy choices from the perspectives of what they actually mean for the communities involved rather than from the point of view of normative and theoretical absolutes.
Résumé
Cet article pose un regard critique sur la manière par laquelle plusieurs travaux qui font actuellement autorité représentent les plus récents accords territoriaux et d’autonomie politique engageant l’État canadien et les peuples autochtones. Il soutient que l’insistance de la plupart des auteurs sur des déterminants structurels vraisemblablement irréversibles (tels que le colonialisme ou la logique capitaliste de dépossession) pour analyser les accords institutionnels auxquels les peuples autochtones sont partie prenante débouche sur une orientation interprétative qui dénature l’action politique de ces derniers et en minimise les effets positifs sur la dynamique de changement social. À partir d’un examen du processus politique de reprise de contrôle de la gestion de la forêt boréale par les Cris d’Eeyou Istchee (Baie James) au cours des trente dernières années, l’article met plutôt l’accent sur l’agentivité de ces derniers et sur leur habilité à faire échec à la logique historique de domination à laquelle les peuples autochtones au Canada ont été soumis et à se réapproprier les principaux instruments de leur émancipation collective. En bout de piste, le texte propose un plaidoyer pour une posture analytique qui sache aborder les choix politiques des peuples autochtones en ce qu’ils représentent pour les communautés qui font ces choix et non pas selon la vision normative et théorique de quelque idéal politique.
Parties annexes
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