Résumés
Résumé
La littérature scientifique visant à identifier les déterminants de la détresse psychologique au travail se concentre essentiellement sur des facteurs de risque psychosociaux largement répandus dans divers types d’emplois, comme les caractéristiques des tâches (Karasek, 1979). Il s’agit de facteurs pouvant être associés à bon nombre d’occupations puisque leur conceptualisation est générique (p. ex. la charge de travail quantitative). Or les études qui s’intéressent aux facteurs spécifiques à la nature même des emplois étudiés sont encore minoritaires dans la littérature portant sur la détresse psychologique. Dans notre étude, nous investiguons les facteurs de stress associés au rôle des cadres de premier niveau, lequel est reconnu pour sa nature dite « paradoxale » (Hales, 2005). Notre objectif de recherche consiste à identifier les facteurs de stress associés à leur rôle, puis à vérifier l’influence de ceux-ci sur leur niveau de détresse psychologique. Nous optons pour une méthodologie mixte en déployant un devis de type séquentiel exploratoire (Creswell, 2009). Ce type de devis débute par une approche inductive qui permet la collecte de données qualitatives (N=14) propices à la découverte de facteurs de stress spécifiques. Le volet quantitatif subséquent permet de vérifier l’effet de ces facteurs de stress sur le niveau de détresse psychologique à l’aide de données collectées auprès d’un plus vaste échantillon (N= 243). Notre recherche mixte permet d’abord de mettre en lumière les facteurs de risque spécifiques au rôle des cadres de premier niveau, soit le conflit imputabilité/contrôle ainsi que le conflit de rôle associé à la position paradoxale qu’ils occupent. Ensuite, l’étude hypothético-déductive montre que ces facteurs spécifiques contribuent à influencer leur niveau de détresse psychologique, tout comme les facteurs de risque génériques (c.-à-d. la charge de travail quantitative). Nos résultats permettent de mieux comprendre comment les tâches et les responsabilités contribuent à engendrer de la détresse psychologique en plus de positionner les facteurs de risque spécifiques au rôle des cadres de premier niveau comme une avenue de recherche pertinente pour mieux comprendre le phénomène de la détresse psychologique au travail.
Mots-clés :
- Détresse psychologique,
- Cadres de premier niveau,
- Tensions de rôle,
- Demandes psychologiques,
- Risques psychosociaux
Abstract
The scientific literature that aims to identify the determinants of psychological distress at work essentially focuses on psychosocial risk factors that are widespread in various types of jobs, such as task characteristics (Karasek, 1979). These are factors that can be associated with many occupations since their conceptualization is generic (e.g., quantitative workload). However, studies that focus on factors that are specific to the very nature of the jobs studied are still a minority in the literature on psychological distress. In our study, we investigate the stress factors associated with the role of the first-line manager, which is recognized for its so-called “paradoxical” nature (Hales, 2005). We aim to identify the stress factors associated with their role, and then to verify their influence on first-line managers’ psychological distress. Therefore, we opt for a mixed methodology by deploying a sequential exploratory design (Creswell, 2009). This type of design begins with an inductive approach that allows the collection of qualitative data (N=14) conducive to the discovery of specific stress factors. The quantitative study then makes it possible to verify the effect of these stress factors on the level of psychological distress using data provided from a larger sample (N= 243). Our research highlights the specific risk factors associated with the role of first-line managers, namely the accountability / control conflict as well as the role conflict related to the paradoxical position they occupy. Also, the hypothetico-deductive study shows that these specific factors contribute to influencing first-line managers’ psychological distress along with generic risk factors (i.e., quantitative workload). Our results provide a better understanding of how tasks and responsibilities contribute to engender psychological distress in addition to positioning risk factors that are specific to first-line managers as a relevant research avenue to deepen the understanding of the phenomenon of psychological distress at work.
Keywords:
- Psychological distress,
- Front-line managers,
- Role tensions,
- Job demands,
- Psychological risk factors
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