Résumés
Résumé
L’Afrique subsaharienne fait face à des situations d’instabilité politique dans un contexte de chômage de masse. À ce sujet, la littérature économique demeure mitigée sur la relation entre les deux phénomènes. Certains auteurs pensent que c’est l’instabilité politique qui est la source du chômage, d’autres pensent le contraire. A cet égard, l’objectif du présent article est d’étudier la relation entre l’instabilité politique et le chômage en Afrique subsaharienne à l’aide du modèle autorégressif à retards échelonnés (ARDL) en données de panel et des données de 2002 à 2022. Les résultats montrent une relation unidirectionnelle allant du chômage vers l’istabilité politique. Ils permettent de soutenir que, d’une part, le chômage est un lubrifiant de l’instabilité politique et que, d’autre part, le chômage est une conséquence marginale de l’instabilité politique. Ces résultats impliquent que soient élaborées et mises en oeuvre des politiques publiques susceptibles de promouvoir la croissance économique et l’emploi et de renforcer la démocratie et la gouvernance afin de rompre les liens vicieux (chômage-instabilité politique) qui handicapent le processus de développement dans les pays au sud du Sahara. Il s’agit, entre autres, de faire les investissements appropriés dans le capital humain, dans les services sociaux de base et dans la promotion de l’industrialisation afin de faciliter l’accès à l’emploi, notamment pour la jeunesse, qui constitue une partie importante de la structure démographique.
Mots-clés :
- chômage,
- instabilité politique,
- Afrique subsaharienne
Abstract
Sub-Saharan Africa is facing situations of political instability against a backdrop of mass unemployment. Economic literature remains divided on the relationship between the two phenomena. Some authors believe that political instability is the source of unemployment, while others think the opposite. To this end, the aim of this article is to study the relationship between political instability and unemployment in sub-Saharan Africa. To this end, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model in panel data and data from 2002-2022 are used. The results show a unidirectional relationship from unemployment to political instability, supporting that, on the one hand, unemployment is a lubricant of political instability, and, on the other hand, unemployment is a marginal consequence of political instability. These results show the need for public policies that are likely to promote economic growth and employment and to strengthen democracy and governance in order to break the vicious circle of unemployment and political instability that hamper development in countries south of the Sahara. These include appropriate investments in human capital, in social services and in the promotion of industrialization, in order to facilitate access to employment, particularly for young people, who make up a significant proportion of the demographic structure.
Keywords:
- unemployment,
- political instability,
- sub-Saharan Africa
Parties annexes
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