Résumés
Abstract
Despite the proposed positive aspects of performance measurement, there have been numerous concerns raised about the limitations of being able to measure in a public sector environment. While some people tend to raise more technical concerns, others raised more philosophical concerns about the legitimacy and authenticity of the performance measurement process, given the measures are publicly reported in the government’s business plans and annual reports. In this sense, the legitimacy of performance measurement is threatened because the measures, targets, and results are perceived to be “massaged and manipulated” by management, a central agency, or a communications department. In other words, high-risk measures, such as those that fluctuate, are difficult to attribute, never meet their target, and have a low citizen satisfaction rating, are unlikely to get or remain in a business plan. The third challenge to measuring performance in a government setting is that the external performance measures and targets are linked to department, deputy minister and individual performance plans. This final challenge threatens the validity of the performance measurement framework in the sense that civil servants are likely to choose performance measures and targets that are easy to measure, are stable, and the targets are met or surpassed each fiscal year. It is this subjectivity and the technical challenges of performance measurement that lead to the questioning of the legitimacy and authenticity of reporting on performance in a public sector setting. This subjectivity of both performance and results contributes to the paradox of public reporting. On the one hand, a government can be praised for being transparent in its plans; on the other hand, it can be criticized for publishing politically safe and strategic information for fear of retaliation from the media, opposition parties, and disgruntled citizens. It is this paradox that will be explored in the article under the realm of bureaucratic propaganda.
Résumé
En dépit des aspects positifs de l’évaluation de la performance, de nombreuses inquiétudes ont été soulevées concernant les limites de la capacité d’évaluation dans le secteur public. Tandis que certains essayent de poser des questions plus techniques, d’autres posent des questions plus philosophiques concernant la légitimité et l’authenticité du processus d’évaluation de la performance, étant donné que les mesures sont présentées publiquement dans les plans d’affaires et les rapports annuels du gouvernement. En ce sens, la légitimité de l’évaluation de la performance est menacée parce que les mesures, les buts et les résultats sont perçus comme étant manipulés par la direction, par une agence centrale ou par le département de communications. Autrement dit, les mesures complexes, comme celles qui varient, qui sont difficiles à appliquer, qui n’arrivent jamais à leur fin et qui sont considérées par les citoyens faiblement satisfaisantes, ont peu de chances d’être incluses ou de rester dans le plan d’affaires. Un autre défi pour l’évaluation de la performance au niveau du gouvernement est que les mesures et les cibles externes de la performance sont encore reliées au département ou aux plans des députés, de même qu’aux plans individuels de performance. Le défi final menace la validité du cadre d’évaluation de la performance dans le sens que les fonctionnaires choisissent plutôt des mesures et des cibles qui sont faciles à évaluer, qui sont stables, afin d’atteindre ou dépasser les cibles de chaque année fiscale. C’est cette subjectivité et les défis techniques de l’évaluation de la performance qui conduisent à la mise en question de la légitimité et de l’authenticité des rapports concernant la performance dans le secteur public. Cette subjectivité tant de la performance que des résultats contribue au paradoxe des documents publics, à savoir : d’un côté, un gouvernement félicité pour la transparence de ses plans d’action; de l’autre côté, un gouvernement critiqué pour ne rendre publiques que les informations stratégiques et sans danger politique, afin d’éviter les critiques des médias, des partis d’opposition ou des citoyens mécontents. C’est ce paradoxe qui va être exploré dans cet article, à travers le prisme de la propagande bureaucratique.
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