Résumés
Abstract
Iron formations exemplify a type of sedimentary rock found in numerous Archean and Proterozoic supracrustal successions. They serve as a valuable chemical record of Precambrian seawater chemistry and post-depositional iron cycling. These formations accumulated on the seafloor for over two billion years during the early history of our planet, offering a unique opportunity to study environmental changes that occurred during Earth's evolution. Among these changes, one of the most significant events was the shift from an anoxic planet to one where oxygen (O2) became consistently present in both the marine water column and atmosphere. This progression towards global oxygenation was closely linked to the emergence of aerobic microbial metabolisms, which profoundly impacted continental weathering processes, nutrient supply to the oceans, and ultimately, the diversification of the biosphere and complex life forms. In this review, we synthesize two decades of research into the temporal fluctuations of trace element concentrations in iron formations. Our aim is to shed light on the complex mechanisms that contributed to the oxygenation of Earth's surface environments.
Keywords:
- Cyanobacteria,
- Earth's Oxygenation,
- Geobiology,
- Iron Formation
Résumé
Les formations de fer sont un exemple de roche sédimentaire que l’on trouve dans de nombreuses séquences supracrustales de l'Archéen et du Protérozoïque. Elles représentent un enregistrement chimique précieux de la composition de l’eau de mer du Précambrien et du cycle du fer post-dépôt. Ces formations se sont accumulées sur le fond marin pendant plus de deux milliards d'années au début de l'histoire de notre planète, offrant une occasion unique d'étudier les changements environnementaux survenus au cours de l'évolution de la Terre. Parmi ces changements, l’un des événements les plus significatifs a été la transition d’une planète anoxique à une planète où l’oxygène (O2) est devenu constamment présent à la fois dans la colonne d’eau marine et dans l’atmosphère. Cette progression vers l’oxygénation globale était étroitement liée à l’émergence de métabolismes microbiens aérobiques, qui ont profondément influencé les processus d'altération continentale, l’apport de nutriments aux océans et, finalement, la diversification de la biosphère et des formes de vie complexes. Dans cette revue, nous synthétisons deux décennies de recherche sur les fluctuations temporelles des concentrations en éléments traces dans les formations de fer. Notre objectif est de faire la lumière sur les mécanismes complexes qui ont contribué à l’oxygénation des environnements de la surface de la Terre.
Parties annexes
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