Résumés
Abstract
This article departs from the failing of the Doha Development Round and asks for its consequences for international trade. The official credo of the present trade regime is that free trade lies in the interest of all participants. Historical evidence shows however that all the countries which are economically strong today at some point in their history used measures to protect and enhance their economic development. Insofar as this holds even for the US, the article puts into question the official trade credo. Development of domestic demand is key to successful economic performance and consequently should be a major issue on the political agenda of developing countries.
Résumé
Cet article, à partir de l’échec du cercle Doha, se demande ce qui en résulte pour l’avenir du commerce international. En mettant en question le crédo plus ou moins officiel qui le caractérise, à savoir la conviction qu’une dérégulation toujours plus avancée des marchés en arrive finalement au bonheur de tout le monde, l’auteur rappelle que les commencements de l’évolution des économies devenues performantes aujourd’hui, y compris celle des États-Unis, étaient marqués par des politiques plus ou moins protectrices. Le développement de la demande domestique en était toujours un élément-clé qui doit conséquemment devenir un objectif crucial des pays en développement.
Zusammenfassung
Ausgehend vom derzeitigen Stillstand der WHO-Verhandlungen fragt der Artikel nach seinen Auswirkungen auf den internationalen Handel. Das offizielle Credo lautet, freier Handel liege im Interesse und sei zum Wohle aller Handelspartner. Eine historische Betrachtung zeigt indessen, dass alle heute erfolgreichen Länder im Verlauf ihrer eigenen Entwicklung protektionistische Maßnahmen ergriffen haben, um ihre wirtschaftliche Entwicklung vor schädlichen äußeren Einflüssen zu schützen. Das gilt auch für die USA, weshalb das genannte Credo unglaubwürdig sei. Eine kräftige Binnennachfrage erscheint im Lichte dieser historischen Erfahrungen als Kernelement erfolgreicher wirtschaftlicher (Nach-) Entwicklung, weshalb dieser Punkt einen prominenten Platz auf der politischen Agenda von Entwicklungsländern einnehmen sollte.
Parties annexes
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