Résumés
Abstract
Ground is the transition across the surface and subsurface of the land, mediating environmental change and the stability of geological time. In the Canadian Arctic, dramatic seasonal cycles and warming trends are reshaping increasingly unstable ground. Inuit in communities such as Arviat, in southern Nunavut, have always dealt with geological instability using their traditional knowledge of climate and territory. However, the North has been aggressively shaped by systematic spatial interventions of resource-based economies, militarization, and administration. Federal building programs across the Territory have imposed visions of efficiency and modernity, transforming the land inhabited by Inuit into a settled ground. To “unsettle ground” is understood here as strategies to address gaps between the imposed stability and singularity of modernist, Northern master planning and housing and the richness and fluidity of the Indigenous landscape. Two trips to Arviat and extensive meetings with community members and housing advocates revealed numerous instabilities, including geological changes, adaptation of the Community Plan, and uncertain economics of public housing. Housing has failed to engage the land on a perfunctory technical level, in its ability to create a communal “social ground”, and on a larger scale the ongoing failure of community planning disregards community relationships to landscape. Conversations on the ground revealed community-centered building practices reclaiming spaces imposed by the strictures of modern colonial architecture and planning. Our research thus examines the multiple identities of ground and posits the possibility for new, respectful ways for architecture to inhabit the land in Nunavut while unsettling ground.
Keywords:
- Nunavut,
- architecture,
- community planning,
- geology,
- land
Résumé
Le sol est la transition entre la surface et le sous-sol de la terre, les changements environnementaux et la stabilité des temps géologiques. Dans l’archipel arctique canadien, les cycles saisonniers d’une extrême dissemblance ainsi que les tendances croissantes du réchauffement climatique rendent le sol de plus en plus instable. Les communautés Inuit, telles que les Arviammiut vivant dans le sud du Nunavut, ont toujours su composer avec les sols instables de leur région grâce à leurs connaissances traditionnelles du climat et du territoire. Toutefois, le Nord fût radicalement transformé par l’imposition d’une économie basée sur les ressources naturelles, la militarisation et l’administration. Les programmes fédéraux à travers le Nord du Canada ont imposé des visions basées sur l’efficacité et la modernité qui ont transformé le territoire traditionnel jusqu’alors habité par les Inuit en un territoire colonisé. La « décolonisation » du territoire est une stratégie visant à combler les divergences imposées par le modernisme nordique afin de redonner au paysage autochtone sa richesse et sa fluidité. À la suite de deux voyages à Arviat ainsi que plusieurs rencontres avec les membres de la communauté et de la protection du logement, plusieurs irrégularités furent soulevées : les changements géologiques du sol issus des changements climatiques, l’adaptation des espaces et l’usage du Plan Communautaire, et finalement, l’insécurité financière des logements sociaux offerts dans la communauté. À l’échelle domestique, le marché résidentiel n’a pas réussi à utiliser les ressources de la terre autant sur le plan technique que social. D’ailleurs, l’échec répété de la planification communautaire continue d’omettre les relations existantes entre les communautés autochtones et leur territoire. Les observations et les échanges sur le terrain ont révélé la nécessité d’une nouvelle approche de planification afin que les communautés Inuit puissent retrouver l’identité et la richesse architecturale qui leur est propre. La recherche explore les diverses identités territoriales et propose de nouvelles possibilités afin d’offrir une architecture qui respecte l’unicité des cultures du Nunavut et l’imprévisibilité de son sol.
Mots-clés:
- Nunavut,
- architecture,
- planification sociale,
- géologie,
- territoire
Parties annexes
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