Résumés
Abstract
Longitudinal research enables discussion of some of the consequences of Aboriginal organizations and identity politics for the Inuit and mixed Inuit-European peoples of Labrador. Newfoundland and Labrador Indians formed the province of Newfoundland and Labrador’s first Aboriginal organization, soon followed by a second, Inuit organization. The mixed Inuit-European “Settlers” (or Kablunângajuit) of northern Labrador initially preferred the Indian organization but were pressured to join and later would dominate the Inuit organization. Moreover, under the 2003 Inuit land claim, Kablunângajuit would legally be considered Inuit. Further south, people of similar mixed Inuit-European ancestry who long denied their Aboriginal roots would organize as Metis. Concurrent with the more than 40 years of identity politics, summarized by this paper, were major international and regional socio-economic changes that saw people move from local to distant work, creating new contexts for identity management. The paper shows how identity politics has changed relations of power and identity, has increased the numbers of people who are legally Inuit or aspire to be so, and, more generally, empowers Aboriginal people to shape their future.
Résumé
La recherche longitudinale permet de discuter de certaines des conséquences qu’ont pu avoir les organisations autochtones et les politiques identitaires sur les populations inuit et métisse euro-inuit du Labrador. Les Amérindiens de Terre-Neuve et du Labrador ont constitué la première organisation autochtone de la province de Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador, bientôt suivis par une seconde organisation, celle des Inuit. Les «colons» métis euro-inuit (ou Kablunângajuit) du nord du Labrador préféraient à l’origine l’organisation amérindienne, mais ils subirent des pressions pour se joindre à l’organisation inuit qu’ils allaient plus tard dominer. En outre, d’après l’entente sur les revendications territoriales inuit de 2003, les Kablunângajuit peuvent être considérés comme Inuit sur le plan légal. Plus loin au sud, les gens d’ascendance similaire euro-inuit, qui ont longtemps nié leurs racines autochtones, s’organisaient en tant que Métis. Parallèlement aux 40 années et plus de politiques identitaires résumées dans cet article, de considérables changements socioéconomiques internationaux et régionaux ont poussé les gens qui travaillaient localement à partir travailler au loin, ce qui a créé de nouveaux contextes d’organisation de l’identité. Cet article montre en quoi les politiques identitaires ont modifié les relations de pouvoir et d’identité, ont fait augmenter le nombre des gens qui sont légalement inuit ou aspirent à l’être, et, sur un plan plus général, ont conféré aux Autochtones le pouvoir de façonner leur avenir.
Parties annexes
References
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