Résumés
Abstract
In 1767, three English fishers associated with Nicholas Darby’s fishing and trading enterprise in southern Labrador were killed by Inuit. In response to this violence, a contingent of British soldiers from newly established York Fort pursued the alleged perpetrators, killed several, and captured others. Among the captives was an Inuk woman named Mikak as well as the future first Moravian Inuk convert, the youth Karpik. The hostilities of 1767 cannot be fully explored merely by following the narrative of colonial authorities and traders. If the Moravian records are consulted, the notorious murder near Cape Charles in 1767 appears to have had a more complex causation than has hitherto been suggested, one that may include some European culpability in these events. Instead of the unprovoked murder of three Europeans by Inuit during a robbery, it may have been a violent act of self-defence to prevent the theft of Inuit trading goods by English fishers. Whatever the original motivation for the killings of Nicholas Darby’s men may have been, the 1767 melee remains an important historical event in Labrador, which occurred during a decade that saw British legal and administrative changes reshape European relations with Inuit and a lasting Moravian presence on Labrador’s north coast established.
Résumé
En 1767, trois pêcheurs anglais associés à l’entreprise de pêche et de traite de Nicholas Darby, au sud du Labrador, furent tués par des Inuit. En riposte, un détachement de soldats britanniques du fort York nouvellement créé se lança à la poursuite des meurtriers présumés, en tua plusieurs et fit prisonniers les autres. Parmi ces derniers se trouvaient une inuk nommée Mikak, ainsi que le futur premier converti inuk de l’Église morave, l’adolescent Karpik. Pour comprendre les hostilités de 1767, on ne peut se contenter de suivre le récit des autorités coloniales et des traiteurs. Après consultation des archives moraves, le fameux assassinat des environs du cap Charles en 1767 semble avoir eu des causes plus complexes qu’on ne l’avait pensé jusqu’ici, l’une d’elles suggérant que les Européens auraient pu être quelque peu coupables dans cet évènement. Au lieu d’être le meurtre gratuit de trois Européens par des Inuit au cours d’un vol, il se pourrait qu’il se fût agi d’un acte de légitime défense des Inuit voulant empêcher les pêcheurs anglais de leur voler leurs marchandises de traite. Mais quel qu’ait été le motif à l’origine de la mort des hommes de Nicholas Darby, cet évènement de l’année 1767 a pris une importance historique au Labrador, d’autant plus qu’il s’est produit durant la décennie de l’implantation de la législation et de l’administration britanniques qui ont modifié les relations des Européens avec les Inuit, parallèlement à l’établissement d’une présence morave de longue durée sur la côte nord du Labrador.
Parties annexes
Archival sources
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