Résumés
Abstract
Documentary evidence suggests that Inuit were present in the Strait of Belle Isle by the late 16th century, yet the archaeological evidence for Inuit settlement in southern Labrador is sparse. Inuit sites are difficult to recognize south of Nunatsiavut, where 19th-century Inuit-Métis families and seasonal Newfoundland fishers occupied settlements that leave similar archaeological surface-traces. In 2009 a SSHRC-funded Community-University Research Alliance was initiated to examine Inuit history in southern Labrador. One of the primary goals of the research was to develop archaeological criteria to distinguish between these ethnically distinct settlements. This paper presents the results from several seasons of research in Sandwich Bay, Labrador. It uses data from community interviews, archaeological surveys, and excavations at four Inuit settlements, one Inuit-Métis house, and one Newfoundland fishery camp to help resolve the issue of site ethnicity for the area immediately south of Hamilton Inlet. Site location and house and site features are used to increase confidence in Inuit site classification and to provide strategies for targeted test-excavations elsewhere in southern Labrador and on the Quebec North Shore. The results of the research also allow for a better understanding of the nature and extent of Inuit occupation in Sandwich Bay.
Résumé
Les preuves écrites suggèrent que les Inuit étaient présents dans le détroit de Belle Isle à la fin du XVIe siècle, mais les vestiges archéologiques de l’occupation inuit du Labrador méridional sont rares. Les sites inuit sont difficiles à reconnaître au sud du Nunatsiavut où, au XIXe siècle, les familles de Métis inuit et les pêcheurs saisonniers de Terre-Neuve occupaient des établissements laissant des traces archéologiques similaires en surface. En 2009, une Alliance de recherche universités-communautés financée par le CRSH a été lancée pour étudier l’histoire des Inuit au Labrador méridional. Un des principaux objectifs de la recherche était de déterminer des critères archéologiques afin de distinguer ces établissements ethniquement différents. Cet article présente les résultats de plusieurs saisons de recherche dans la baie Sandwich, Labrador. Il utilise des données recueillies par des entrevues communautaires, des reconnaissances archéologiques et des fouilles dans quatre établissements inuit, une maison de Métis inuit et un camp de pêcheurs de Terre-Neuve, pour aider à résoudre la question de l’ethnicité des sites dans la région immédiatement au sud de Hamilton Inlet. On emploie ici l’emplacement des sites et les caractéristiques des maisons et des sites pour aider à résoudre la classification de sites inuit et pour fournir des stratégies de sondages ailleurs dans le sud du Labrador méridional et la Côte-Nord du Québec. Les résultats de la recherche nous permettent également de mieux comprendre la nature et l’étendue de l’occupation inuit dans la baie Sandwich.
Parties annexes
References
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