Résumés
Abstract
During the summers of 2005 and 2006, a group of Ugiuvangmiut (King Island Inupiat) and western scientists participated in a project entitled “Documenting the Cultural Geography, Biogeography, and Traditional Ecological Knowledge of King Island, Alaska.” The intent was to bring Ugiuvangmiut to King Island in order to document and map place names, as well as archaeological and subsistence sites. Throughout fieldwork, conflicts occurred between scientists, between community members, and between scientists and community members. As the principal investigator, I confronted one conflict in 2005, but my actions exacerbated long-standing tensions within the community and I was later advised by two community members that I should not have confronted the conflict. When conflict occurred again in 2006, instead of confronting the conflict, I chose to take a break from the project for several days. The result was that the overt conflict within the community lessened. Based upon these experiences and other examples, I conclude that conflict avoidance still persists among the Ugiuvangmiut. In addition, I “write against culture” (to borrow Abu-Lughod’s phrase) to explain how my mixed ethnic background and the backgrounds of two community members resulted in actions that run counter to conflict avoidance, showing that there are “multiple, shifting, and competing” cultural values at play. I end with suggestions for scientists conducting fieldwork in the North.
Résumé
Durant les étés 2005 et 2006, un groupe d’Ugiuvangmiut (Inupiat de l’île King) et de chercheurs occidentaux participèrent à un projet de recherche intitulé «Documenter la géographie culturelle, la biogéographie et les savoirs écologiques traditionnels de l’île King, Alaska». L’objectif consistait à ramener des Ugiuvangmiut sur l’île King pour recueillir des toponymes et identifier leur location, ainsi que documenter les sites archéologiques et ceux liés aux activités de subsistance. Au cours du travail de terrain, des conflits éclatèrent entre les chercheurs, entre les membres de la communauté, ainsi qu’entre les chercheurs et les membres et de la communauté. En tant que directrice du projet, je choisis de faire face à ces conflits en 2005, mais mes actions ne firent qu’exacerber des tensions présentes depuis longtemps dans la communauté, et deux aînés me dirent par la suite que je n’aurais pas dû prendre part au conflit. Quand un conflit se reproduisit en 2006, plutôt que de l’affronter, je choisis de me retirer du projet pour quelques jours, ce qui eut pour résultat d’apaiser les tensions dans la communauté. Sur la base de ces expériences et d’autres, je conclus que l’évitement du conflit perdure chez les Ugiuvangmiut. De surcroît, j’écris «contre culture» (pour reprendre l’expression d’Abu-Lughod) pour expliquer de quelle manière mon héritage ethnique métis et l’héritage ethnique de deux membres de la communauté produisirent des réactions contraires à l’évitement du conflit, montrant ainsi qu’entrent en jeu des valeurs culturelles «multiples, polysémiques et antagonistes». Je termine l’article avec des suggestions pour les chercheurs faisant de la recherche dans le Nord.
Parties annexes
References
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