Résumés
Abstract
Inuit and scientific perceptions of polar bear populations are grounded in different epistemologies, relationships and interactions with polar bears. In many communities, the presence of polar bear hunting quotas has led to both external and internal conflicts. Inuit throughout Nunavut are seeing more polar bears in close proximity to their communities. Scientists argue that the increase in bear-human encounters is due to rapid environmental change, leading to a decrease, rather than an increase, in polar bear numbers. These opposing perceptions result in confrontation regarding the hunting and protection of bears. Within communities, ethical, social and economic conflicts arise with regard to the enactment of the quota system due to differing views on the allocation of the quota, the existence of a sport hunt, and the morality of such an intense focus on polar bears. One such community is Arviat, on the west coast of Hudson Bay. The people of Arviat feel particularly vulnerable to the year-round presence of polar bears in and near their community. The inclusion of women in the hunt and the cost of undertaking a bear hunt, lead to discussion and mixed feelings about the open hunting season each year. While the situation in Arviat is in some ways unique, it also serves as an example of the questions and concerns facing Inuit across the Canadian Arctic as they increasingly have to deal with polar bears on their doorstep.
Résumé
Les perceptions des Inuit et des scientifiques au sujet des populations d’ours polaires se basent sur différentes épistémologies et différents modes de relation et d’interaction avec les ours polaires. Dans de nombreuses communautés, les quotas de chasse à l’ours ont mené à des conflits à la fois internes et externes. Les Inuit du Nunavut constatent que davantage d’ours polaires se trouvent à proximité de leurs communautés. Les scientifiques soutiennent que la plus grande fréquence des rencontres entre ours et humains est due au rapide changement environnemental qui provoque une diminution, plutôt qu’une augmentation, du nombre des ours. Ces perceptions opposées aboutissent en confrontations lorsqu’il s’agit de la chasse et de la protection des ours. Dans les communautés, des conflits éthiques, sociaux et économiques sont apparus depuis la promulgation du système des quotas à cause de vues divergentes concernant l’attribution des quotas, la chasse sportive et les fins morales d’une telle attention portée aux ours polaires. L’une de ces communautés est Arviat, située sur la côte ouest de la baie d’Hudson. Les gens d’Arviat se sentent particulièrement vulnérables à la présence toute proche des ours polaires tout au long de l’année. Le fait d’inclure des femmes dans la chasse et l’investissement financier que représente une chasse à l’ours provoquent des discussions et des sentiments mitigés chaque année au moment de l’ouverture de la saison de chasse. Bien que la situation à Arviat soit d’une certaine manière unique, elle peut servir d’exemple aux questions et problèmes que doivent affronter les Inuit à travers tout l’Arctique canadien au moment où, de plus en plus, ils ont affaire à des ours polaires sur le pas de leur porte.
Parties annexes
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