Résumés
Abstract
In his classic essay Seasonal Variations of the Eskimo, Marcel Mauss argued that a strong relationship exists between the spatial organisation of traditional Inuit house forms and the social morphology of the families they shelter. These observations anticipate later works in anthropology that examine how cultural processes are reflected in, and sustained by, the built environment. Such ideas are important when considering the effects of post-war housing programs on Inuit families in the Canadian Arctic. During the 1960s, attempts were made to restructure the routines of Inuit families through Euro-Canadian architecture and home economics classes. Recent ethnographic observations of Inuit households in operation, however, reveal that many continue to use their houses in traditional ways. By doing so, Inuit families are attempting to adapt to dwellings designed around another culture’s concept of homemaking and family life. Mauss’s ideas are therefore a poignant reminder of the need to take cultural factors into account when developing aboriginal housing policy.
Résumé
Dans son classique Esssai sur les variations saisonnières des sociétés Eskimos, Marcel Mauss a demontré qu’un fort rapport existe entre l’organisation spatiale des formes traditionnelles des maisons des Inuit et la morphologie sociale des familles qu’elles abritent. Ces observations devancent les ouvrages plus récents en anthropologie qui examinent comment des processus culturels sont reflétés dans, et soutenus par, l’environnement bâti. De telles idées sont importantes en considérant les effets des programmes de logement d’après-guerre sur des familles inuit de l’Arctique canadien. Durant les années 60, des tentatives ont été faites pour restructurer les habitudes des familles inuit par des cours en économie domestique et par l’architecture euro-canadienne. Cependant, des observations ethnographiques récentes de ménages inuit indiquent que beaucoup continuent à utiliser leurs maisons de manières traditionnelles. De cette façon, les familles inuit essayent de s’adapter à des habitations conçues autour de concepts du ménage et de la vie familiale provenant d’une autre culture. Les idées de Mauss sont donc un rappel poignant qu’il faut tenir compte des facteurs culturels en développant la politique du logement autochtone.
Parties annexes
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