Résumés
Abstract
Language is an important identity marker and is often a symbol of immigrants’ resistance to assimilation within the host societies. Indeed, by speaking their own languages, immigrants in Europe develop their transnational identities and set up defensive boundaries against possible cultural homogenisations. This is particularly relevant for Muslim immigrants, since Arabic is both an identity and a religious symbol. In many European mosques, Muslims consider Arabic as the only acceptable language. In particular the khutbat [Friday sermon] should be written and read in Arabic. In contrast, Muslims in Northern Ireland, who have developed their ummah [community of believers] in the only mosque and cultural centre they have (located in the Northern Ireland’s capital, Belfast), have selected English as their main community language. In this article, the author analyzes the reasons that have brought this Muslim community to use English as a complex metaphor of their peculiar social-cultural position within Northern Irish society.
Résumé
La langue est un marqueur identitaire important et symbolise souvent la résistance de l’immigrant à son assimilation dans la société d’accueil. Effectivement, en parlant leurs propres langues, les immigrants en Europe développent leurs identités transnationales et mettent en place des frontières défensives contre une possible homogénéisation culturelle. Ce phénomène s’applique particulièrement aux immigrants musulmans, puisque la langue arabe constitue à la fois une identité et un symbole religieux. Dans de nombreuses mosquées en Europe, les Musulmans considèrent l’arabe comme la seule langue acceptable. Le khutbat [sermon du vendredi] en particulier, doit être de préférence écrit et lu en arabe. À l’opposé, les Musulmans d’Irlande du Nord, qui ont développé leur ummah [communauté de fidèles] dans l’unique mosquée — et centre culturel — dont ils disposent (située dans la capitale de l’Irlande du Nord, Belfast), ont choisi l’anglais comme langue d’usage principale de leur communauté. Dans cet article, l’auteur analyse les raisons qui ont poussé cette communauté musulmane à utiliser l’anglais à la manière d’une métaphore complexe de leur situation socioculturelle particulière au sein de la société nord-irlandaise.
Parties annexes
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