Résumés
Abstract
Philip Clart addresses spirit-mediumship as a contested cultural field in Chinese popular religion. Drawing on his own field research, primary texts such as morality books, and studies of spirit-mediumship across the Chinese cultural sphere, he demonstrates the existence of different and sometimes competing interpretations of mediumship. In particular, he describes the views held among Taiwanese spirit-writing cults (“phoenix halls”), where mediumship is governed by the rules of a moral universe. Since the gods are moral forces, so the medium possessed by them must be a person whose moral cultivation renders him or her akin to the gods. Morality becomes the precondition and basis of transcendence, and the union of deity and medium is thus seen as occurring between two entities that are essentially alike.
Résumé
Philip Clart examine la profession de médium en tant que champ culturel contesté de la religion populaire chinoise. À partir de ses propres recherches de terrain, de sources premières telles que des livres de morale et de l’étude de la médiumnité au travers de la sphère culturelle chinoise, il démontre l’existence d’interprétations différentes et parfois rivales de la médiumnité. Il décrit en particulier la vision que l’on en a parmi les tenants taïwanais du culte de l’écriture automatique (« les salles du Phénix »), où la profession de médium est régie par les règles d’un univers moral. Puisque les dieux sont des forces morales, le médium qui en est possédé ne peut être qu’une personne que sa valeur morale rend agréable aux dieux. La moralité devient la précondition et la base de la transcendance ; l’union entre la divinité et le médium est ainsi perçue comme se produisant entre deux entités d’essence semblable.
Parties annexes
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