Résumés
Abstract
Ontario has the distinction of having the longest and the richest history of public kindergarten in Canada. Ontario’s kindergarten is an exception in the field of publicly funded early childhood care and education in Canada, where the care and education of preschool-aged children has not been recognized as the government’s responsibility. This article traces the development of Ontario’s public kindergarten from its inception in 1883 to the current Full-Day Early Learning–Kindergarten Program. It identifies the evolving characteristics of kindergarten, trends, and paradigmatic changes in the analyzed period by using a longue durée approach as per Fernand Braudel. It explores the context of each historical phase of Ontario’s kindergarten development, the intersection of political agendas, ideologies, and economic and pragmatic considerations that were impacting kindergarten policies.
Keywords:
- kindergarten,
- childcare,
- early childhood education,
- early years education policy,
- longue durée history
Résumé
L’Ontario est la province canadienne qui a la plus ancienne et la plus riche histoire d’éducation maternelle et de soins aux enfants d’âge préscolaire au Canada. Les maternelles ontariennes font exception au Canada dans le domaine des soins et de l’éducation de la petite enfance subventionnés par des fonds publics dans la mesure où ces services ne relèvent pas du gouvernement dans les autres provinces. Cet article retrace le développement de la maternelle publique en Ontario depuis son début en 1883 jusqu’à l’actuel Programme d’apprentissage à plein temps de la petite enfance. En privilégiant la longue durée tel que prôné par Fernand Braudel, l’auteur analyse l’évolution des caractéristiques des maternelles, les tendances et les changements paradigmatiques, sur la période étudiée. L’article explore le contexte de chaque phase historique du développement de la maternelle Ontarienne, ainsi que les intersections des agendas politiques, des idéologies et des considérations économiques et pragmatiques qui ont eu un impact sur les politiques des maternelles.
Mots-clés :
- école maternelle,
- éducation préscolaire,
- politique éducative pour la petite enfance,
- la longue durée
Resumen
Ontario tiene la distinción de tener la historia de la educación infantil pública más larga y rica de Ontario. El kindergarten de Ontario es una excepción en Canadá, donde el cuidado y la educación de los/las niñas/os no ha sido reconocido como responsabilidad del gobierno. Este artículo rastrea el desarrollo de la educación infantil pública en Ontario desde su comienzo en 1883, hasta el programa actual conocido como Full-Day Early Learning–Kindergarten Program. Se identifican las características evolutivas del kindergarten así como las tendencias y cambios paradigmáticos en el período analizado usando un enfoque “longue durée” (Fernand Braudel). El artículo explora el contexto de cada fase histórica del desarrollo de la educación infantil en Ontario, la intersección de agendas políticas e ideológicas, así como consideraciones económicas y pragmáticas que tuvieron un impacto en las políticas relacionadas al kindergarten.
Palabras clave:
- kindergarten,
- educación infantil,
- políticas educativas para educación infantil,
- historia “longue durée”
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