Résumés
Abstract
The Hawaiian kingdom, prior to the illegal overthrow of its monarchy (1893) and the subsequent English-only Law (1896), had boasted a 91-95% literacy rate. Within that learning environment learners had a clear sense of purpose because Hawaiians had a firm grasp of who they were, where they were, and what they had to contribute. Since the English-only Law and US annexation of Hawai‘i (1898), however, the settler colonialschool system has maintained levels of cultural dissonance that have manifested as inequitable student outcomes for Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPI) across multiple academic and disciplinary student indicators (i.e., proficiency, suspension rates, etc). While western law and US compulsory education severed traditional sources of knowledge production that had provided a sustainable model of a‘o (teaching and learning), the ancestors of the Native Hawaiian community were diligent about preserving the keys to their genealogical legacies within more than 120,000 pages of Hawaiian-language newspapers. This collective repository is a resource that helps the Office of Hawaian Education (OHE) rethread Hawaiian education into the tapestry of traditional sources of knowledge production to improve sustainability (cultural, intellectual, environmental, political, etc.) for all learners. OHE uses a theory of change that engages primary and secondary sources, quantitative and qualitative data, in action research that informs Why contemporary circumstances exist, What those contemporary circumstances are, Where we want Hawaiian education to go, and How we are going to get there.
Keywords:
- cultural dissonance,
- activist research,
- ontological self-efficacy,
- interest convergence,
- culturally responsive educational P4
Résumé
Avant le renversement illégal de sa monarchie (1893) puis la loi « English-only » (1896) instaurant l’anglais comme langue officielle unique, le royaume d’Hawaï affichait un taux d’alphabétisation de 91 à 95 %. Au sein de cet environnement d’apprentissage, les apprenants avaient un objectif clair, car les Hawaïens savaient parfaitement qui ils étaient, où ils étaient et ce qu’ils devaient apporter à la communauté. Depuis la loi « English-only » puis l’annexion de Hawa’i (1898) par les États-Unis, cependant, le système scolaire colonial a entretenu des niveaux de dissonance culturelle qui se sont manifestés par des résultats inéquitables pour les élèves autochtones de Hawaï et des îles du Pacifique (Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders, NHPI) selon de multiples indicateurs scolaires et disciplinaires (compétence, taux d’exclusion, etc.) Tandis que le droit occidental et l’instruction américaine obligatoire supprimaient les sources traditionnelles de production de connaissances qui avaient fourni un modèle durable d’a’o (enseignement et apprentissage), les ancêtres de la communauté autochtone hawaïenne ont pris soin de préserver les clefs de leur héritage généalogique dans plus de 120 000 pages de journaux en langue hawaïenne. Ce fonds collectif est une ressource précieuse qui aide le Bureau hawaïen de l’éduction (Office of Hawaiian Education, OHE) à réinsérer l’éducation hawaïenne dans le tissu des sources traditionnelles de production de connaissances afin d’accroître leur durabilité (culturelle, intellectuelle, environnementale, politique, etc.) pour tous les élèves. L’OHE s’appuie sur une théorie du changement qui fait appel à des sources primaires et secondaires, à des données quantitatives et qualitatives, à une recherche-action qui permet de comprendre pourquoi les circonstances actuelles sont telles qu’elles sont, quelles sont ces circonstances actuelles, où nous voulons voir aboutir l’éducation hawaïenne et comment nous allons y parvenir.
Mots-clés :
- dissonance culturelle,
- recherche-action,
- auto-efficacité ontologique,
- convergence d’intérêts,
- P4 éducatifs culturellement adaptés
Resumen
El Reino de Hawái, antes del derrocamiento ilegal de su monarquía (1893) y la subsiguiente Ley de solo inglés (1896), había contado con un nivel de alfabetización de entre 91-95%. Dentro de ese ambiente de aprendizaje, los que aprendían tenían un claro sentido de propósito porque los hawaianos tenían un entendimiento sólido de quiénes eran, dónde estaban y lo que tenían para contribuir. Desde la Ley de solo inglés y la anexión estadounidense de Hawái (1898), empero, el sistema escolar colonizador ha mantenido unos niveles de discordancia cultural que se han manifestado como un rendimiento estudiantil no equitativo para hawaianos nativos e isleños del Pacífico (NHPI, por sus siglas en inglés) a través de múltiples indicadores estudiantiles académicos y por disciplina (i.e., proficiencia, porcentaje de suspensión, etc.). Mientras que la ley occidental y la educación compulsoria estadounidense rompieron con fuentes tradicionales de producción de conocimiento que habían proveído un modelo sostenible de a‘o (enseñanza y aprendizaje), los antepasados de la comunidad hawaiana nativa se esmeraron por preservar las llaves a sus legados genealógicos con más de 120,000 páginas de periódicos en lengua hawaiana. Este depósito colectivo es un recurso que ayuda a la Oficina de educación hawaiana (OHE, por sus siglas en inglés) a rehacer la educación hawaiana como material de fuentes tradicionales de producción de conocimiento para mejorar la sostenibilidad (cultural, intelectual, modioambiental, política, etc.) para todos los que aprenden. OHE utiliza una teoría del cambio que usa fuentes primarias y secundarias, datos cualitativos y cuantitativos en investigación para la acción que informa por qué existen las circunstancias actuales, cuáles son esas circunstancias contemporáneas, a dónde queremos que se dirija la educación hawaiana y cómo vamos a llegar allí.
Palabras clave:
- discordancia cultural,
- investigación activista,
- autoeficacia ontológica,
- convergencia de intereses,
- P4 educacional culturalmente sensible
Parties annexes
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