Résumés
Abstract
Research Framework: This essay attempts to reclaim Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), the “Myriad-Minded Man” from colonial India, through his “ages of life” – as a son, father, and educator – and his conceptualization of an alternate education and masculinity. Tagore’s critique of colonial education, his experiments with institutions, and his curriculum emphasizing arts and moral aesthetics over muscular nationalism challenged the dominant culture of masculinity. His paternalism embraced a “manliness” privileging moral and spiritual sustenance over economic and political considerations.
Objectives: By focusing on Rabindranath Tagore, an iconic figure of Indian modernity, the essay attempts to demonstrate the tangled relationship between his domestic reality and his public commitment to social justice and pedagogy.
Methodology: It deploys the method of contextualized textual analysis by examining a variety of literary sources -- personal narratives, correspondence, lectures, and essays.
Results: Foregrounding the importance of family in its enabling and restrictive capacities, the essay explores connections between one family’s life and the Bengali understanding of age, gender, and class in late colonial India.
Conclusions: The essay contends that Tagore’s position as a biological father and the transference of his affective concern to a larger body of children, in whom he inculcated a new sense of freedom, were inflected with an alternate sense of masculinity.
Contribution: The essay contributes to our understanding that the role of “fathers,” biological and metaphorical, attained heightened significance among the educated, affluent community in colonial Bengal. An examination of the interminable connection between Tagore’s personal and public life disrupts the separation between the home and the world and establishes the centrality of the domestic in Indian nationalist politics. As a father and a reformer, Tagore challenged existing notions of masculinity through his reformed and secular model of education.
Keywords:
- Rabindranath Tagore,
- fatherhood,
- masculinity,
- manliness,
- family,
- education,
- pedagogy,
- Colonial India
Résumé
Cadre de la recherche : Cet essai présente Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941), « l’homme d’esprits innombrables » de l’Inde coloniale, à travers ses « âges de vie » – l’âge du fils, celui du père, celui de l’éducateur – et sa conception d’une éducation et d’une masculinité alternatives. La critique de Tagore de l’éducation coloniale, ses expériences auprès d’institutions, et son curriculum où les arts et l’esthétique morale primaient sur le nationalisme musclé défiaient la culture masculine dominante. Son paternalisme saisissait une « virilité » qui plaçait la subsistance morale et spirituelle au-dessus de toute considération économique ou politique.
Objectifs : En étudiant Rabindranath Tagore, figure iconique de la modernité indienne, l’essai montre la relation entremêlée de sa réalité domestique avec son engagement public dans la justice sociale et l’éducation.
Méthodologie : L’article déploie la méthode de l’analyse textuelle contextualisée et examine une variété de sources littéraires – narrations personnelles, correspondance, conférences, essais.
Résultats : En mettant au premier plan l’importance pour Tagore de la famille, de par ses capacités habilitantes et restrictives, l’essai considère les liens entre la vie familiale du philosophe et la compréhension bengali de l’âge, du genre et de la classe à la fin de l’ère coloniale.
Conclusions : L’essai affirme que la position de Tagore en tant que père biologique et le transfert de son souci affectif sur un groupe plus large d’enfants, auquel il a inculqué un nouveau sens de la liberté, étaient modulés par un sens alternatif de la masculinité.
Contribution : L’essai contribue à notre compréhension du fait que dans un contexte socioculturel et politicoéconomique précis, le rôle des « pères », biologiques et métaphoriques, a atteint une signification accrue en Inde coloniale. Tagore a articulé une masculinité à travers une éducation réformée et laïque. L’observation de la vie de penseurs influents comme Tagore remet en cause la séparation entre privé et public, et fait ressortir la centralité de la sphère domestique dans la politique nationaliste indienne.
Mots-clés :
- Rabindranath Tagore,
- paternité,
- masculinité,
- virilité,
- famille,
- éducation,
- pédagogie,
- Inde coloniale
Parties annexes
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