Résumés
Résumé
L’anxiété d’évaluation est en contexte scolaire une émotion perturbante en ce qu’elle détourne l’attention de l’élève de la tâche au profit de ruminations sur soi. Le but de cette étude est d’examiner le rôle de la perception par les élèves d’un soutien conditionnel de leurs parents dans le développement de l’anxiété d’évaluation. L’hypothèse à tester est que la perception de compétence faible et le perfectionnisme négatif que le soutien conditionnel parental contribue à générer agissent comme des médiateurs de la relation entre un tel soutien et l’anxiété d’évaluation. Le soutien conditionnel parental a été mesuré chez 434 élèves québécois francophones (211 garçons) une première fois lorsqu’ils étaient en 5e année du primaire, puis de nouveau les deux années suivantes. La perception de compétence et le perfectionnisme négatif ont été mesurés à la quatrième année de l’étude et l’anxiété d’évaluation l’a été à la cinquième année. L’hypothèse est partiellement confirmée, mais différemment chez les garçons et chez les filles. Chez les premiers, la perception de compétence est le seul médiateur significatif, alors que chez les secondes c’est le perfectionnisme négatif qui l’est. La discussion se concentre sur les différences de genre et sur l’importance d’un soutien parental inconditionnel dans le développement des jeunes.
Abstract
Evaluation anxiety is a disturbing emotion in the school context because it diverts students’ attention from the task in favour of ruminations about themselves. The objective of this study is to examine the role of students’ perceptions of conditional parental support in the development of evaluation anxiety. The hypothesis to test is that the perception of low competence and negative perfectionism, to which conditional parental support contributes, act as mediators of the relationship between conditional support and evaluation anxiety. Conditional parental support was measured in 434 Francophone students from Quebec (211 boys), once in grade 5, and again two years later. Perceptions of competence and negative perfectionism were measured in the 4th year of the study and evaluation anxiety was measured in the 5th year. The hypothesis was partially confirmed, but with a difference between boys and girls. Among boys, the perception of competence was the only significant mediator, while among girls it was negative perfectionism. The discussion focuses on gender differences and the importance of unconditional parental support in children’s development.
Resumen
La ansiedad provocada por la evaluación en contexto escolar es una emoción perturbadora ya que desvía la atención del alumno del trabajo, la cual es suplantada por especulaciones sobre sí mismo. La hipótesis por comprobar es que la percepción de la competencia débil y el perfeccionismo negativo que el apoyo parental contribuye a generar actúan como mediadores de la relación entre el apoyo y la ansiedad de la evaluación. El apoyo condicional parental fue evaluado entre 434 alumnos francófonos quebequenses (211 muchachos) por primera vez cuando estaban en 5º año de primaria y de nuevo los dos años siguientes. La percepción de la competencia y el perfeccionismo negativo fueron evaluados durante el cuarto año de este estudio y la ansiedad de la evaluación lo fue durante el quinto año del estudio. La hipótesis se confirmó parcialmente, pero de manera diferencial entre los muchachos y los muchachos. Entre los primeros, la percepción de la competencia fue el único mediador significativo, mientras que entre las segundas fue el perfeccionismo negativo. La discusión se centra sobre las diferencias de género y sobre la importancia del apoyo parental incondicional en el desarrollo de los jóvenes.
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