Résumés
Résumé
Selon des études précédentes, l’événement que représente la transition du primaire au secondaire suscite une augmentation significative de cortisol (hormone de stress) chez les adolescents. Le programme DéStresse et Progresse est un programme de prévention du stress et de ses troubles associés, issu des travaux réalisés ces dernières années dans le domaine de la biologie du stress. Ce programme, testé et validé auprès d’adolescents en première année de l’école secondaire, a montré des effets significatifs sur le niveau de cortisol et sur le niveau de symptômes dépressifs des jeunes les plus à risque. La présente étude a pour objectif d’évaluer les effets du programme sur un groupe restreint de sujets vivant leur dernière année du primaire, mais dans une structure particulière, puisque ce groupe est déjà intégré à une école secondaire. Quarante-neuf sujets, répartis dans deux classes, ont donc participé à une étude selon un devis prétest / post-test à mesures répétées. Contrairement à ce qui était attendu, les résultats montrent une augmentation moyenne significative de cortisol salivaire au cours de notre étude, augmentation qui pourrait être attribuée à la transition précoce résultant de l’intégration de notre échantillon à l’école secondaire. Par contre, une amélioration des performances cognitives et de l’estime de soi ainsi qu’une diminution des symptômes dépressifs pour l’ensemble des élèves peuvent être suggérés à la suite du programme.
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the transition from elementary to secondary school is an event that causes a significant increase in cortisol (stress hormone) in adolescents. The DéStresse et Progresse program is aimed at preventing stress and its related problems, which came out of work done in recent years in the field of the biology of stress. This program was tested and validated with adolescents in the first year of high school, and showed significant effects on the level of cortisol and the level of depressive symptoms in young people most at risk. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of the program on a small group of subjects in their last year of elementary school, but in a special structure, since the group is already integrated into a secondary school. Forty-nine subjects, divided into two classes, participated in a study based on a pretest/ post-test estimate with repeated measurements. Contrary to what was expected, the results show a significant average increase of salivary cortisol over the course of our study, which could be attributed to the early transition resulting from the integration of our sample into the high school. However, an increase in cognitive performance, self-esteem and a reduction in depressive symptoms for all students were observed as a result of the program.
Resumen
Estudios precedentes han mostrado que la transición de la primaria a la secundaria representa un evento que suscita un aumento significativo del cortisol (hormona del estrés) entre los adolescentes. El programa DéStresse et Progresse es un programa de prevención del estrés y de los disturbios asociados, proveniente de los trabajos realizados durante los últimos años en el campo de la biología del estrés. Dicho programa ha sido puesto a prueba y validado entre adolescentes de primer año de secundaria y ha mostrado efectos significativos sobre el nivel de cortisol y sobre el nivel de los síntomas depresivos de los jóvenes más vulnerables. El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar los efectos de dicho programa entre un grupo restringido de sujetos que cursan su ultimo año de primaria, pero al interior de una estructura particular, ya que dicho grupo está integrado en una escuela secundaria. Cuarenta y nueve sujetos, repartidos en dos clases, participaron al estudio siguiendo un esquema de evaluaciomes repetidas pre/post test. Contrariamente a lo que se esperaba, los resultados muestran un aumento medio significativo de cortisol en la saliva durante la realización de nuestro estudio, lo que podría atribuirse a la transición precoz que proviene de la integración de nuestra muestra en una escuela secundaria. En cambio, un aumento de los resultados cognitivos, de la estima de sí mismo y una disminución de los síntomas depresivos fueron observados en el conjunto de alumnos que fueron observados como consecuencia del programa.
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