Résumés
Résumé
L’objectif de cette étude est triple : 1- déterminer le nombre, la forme et le degré de chevauchement des trajectoires types de participation à des jeux de hasard et d’argent (JHA) et de consommation de substances psychotropes (SUP) chez un échantillon de jumeaux au début de l’adolescence ; 2- vérifier les ressemblances et les différences au niveau de l’architecture génétique et environnementale des trajectoires de JHA et de SUP ; 3- déterminer la présence de facteurs de risque associés de manière prédictive aux trajectoires simples ou mixtes de JHA et de SUP. L’échantillon final est composé de 213 (122 paires monozygotes et 91 paires dizygotes de même sexe) paires de jumeaux élevés au sein de la même famille. Les données relatives aux JHA et aux SUP ont été recueillies à 13, 14 et 15 ans à l’aide d’instruments de mesure autoadministrés. Les données relatives aux facteurs de risque touchent un facteur d’ordre personnel (c.-à-d., impulsivité) et des facteurs d’ordre familial mesurés à la préadolescence. Des analyses de trajectoires ont permis de dégager deux trajectoires de participation aux JHA et deux trajectoires de consommation de SUP. Des analyses génétiquement informatives ont permis, par ailleurs, de montrer que les trajectoires de participation à des JHA et de consommation de SUP sont majoritairement sous contrôle génétique. Finalement, des analyses de régression ont révélé des différences au plan des variables associées de façon prédictive aux trajectoires simples ou mixtes de JHA et de SUP. Ces résultats sont abordés à la lumière des changements dans le DSM-V qui établissent un rapprochement entre les problèmes de JHA et les problèmes de SUP.
Mots-clés :
- jeux de hasard,
- psychotropes,
- génétique,
- trajectoires,
- adolescence
Abstract
This study has a triple objective : 1- To determine the number, form and degree of overlap of typical trajectories of participation in gambling and the consumption of psychotropic substances among a sampling of twins at the beginning of adolescence ; 2- To verify the similarities and differences in regard to the genetic and environmental architecture of the gambling and psychotropic substance consumption trajectories ; 3- To determine the risk factors associated, in a predictive manner, with single or mixed trajectories of gambling and drug consumption. The final sampling was composed of 213 pairs of twins (122 monozygotic pairs and 91 dizigotic pairs of the same sex) raised in the same family. The data concerning gambling and drug consumption was gathered at the ages of 13, 14 and 15 years using self-administered measurement tools. The data concerning risk factors affected personal factors (that is, impulsiveness) and family factors measured at pre-adolescence. Analysis of the trajectories indicated two trajectories concerning participation in gambling and two concerning consumption of psychotropic substances. Genetically informative analyses also demonstrated that the trajectories concerning participation in gambling and consumption of psychotropic substances are mainly controlled by genetics. Lastly, analyses of regression revealed differences in the variables associated in a predictive manner to the single or mixed trajectories of gambling and psychotropic substance consumption. These results are considered in the light of changes in the DSM-V which establish a relation between problems involving gambling and the consumption of psychotropic substances.
Keywords:
- gambling,
- psychotropic substances,
- genetics,
- trajectories,
- adolescence
Resumen
Este estudio tiene un triple objetivo : 1) Determinar la cantidad, la forma y el grado de traslapo de las trayectorias tipo de participación en los juegos de azar y de dinero y el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas en una muestra de mellizos al comienzo de la adolescencia ; 2) Verificar las semejanzas y las diferencias en el nivel de la arquitectura genética y ambiental de los juegos de azar y de dinero y el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas ; 3) Determinar la presencia de factores de riesgo relacionados de manera predictiva con las trayectorias simples o mixtas de los juegos de azar y de dinero y el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas. La muestra final está compuesta por 213 pares de mellizos (122 pares de monocigotas y 91 pares de dicigotas) del mismo sexo criados en el seno de la misma familia. Los datos relativos a los juegos de azar y de dinero y el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas se obtuvieron a los 13, 14 y 15 años por medio de instrumentos de medición auto administrados. Los datos relativos a los factores de riesgo comprenden un factor de orden personal (es decir, impulsividad) y factores de orden familiar medidos en la preadolescencia. Los análisis de las trayectorias permitieron destacar dos trayectorias de participación en los juegos de azar y de dinero y en el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas. Análisis genéticamente informativos permitieron, por otra parte, mostrar que las trayectorias de participación en los juegos de azar y de dinero y en el consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas están en su mayoría bajo control genético. Finalmente, los análisis de regresión revelaron diferencias en el plano de las variables relacionadas de manera predictiva con las trayectorias simples o mixtas de los juegos de azar y de dinero y del consumo de sustancias psicotrópicas. Se llega a estos resultados a la luz de los cambios realizados en el manual DSM.5, que establecen un acercamiento entre los problemas de juegos de azar y de dinero y los de consumo de sustancias.
Palabras clave:
- juegos de azar,
- psicotrópicos,
- genética,
- trayectorias,
- adolescencia
Parties annexes
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