Résumés
Abstract
A global concern about how unsustainable use of global natural resources engenders environmental, social, and economic injustices for the world’s most vulnerable population has been well established in the literature. Although the profession of social work has a long-standing tradition of advocating for social and economic justice, issues of environmental sustainability have yet to be fully incorporated into social work education and practice. While the connection between the natural environment and social work education is robustly emerging in Australian and American literature, the Canadian social work literature is also paying attention to issues of environmental sustainability. In response to the 2018 call by the Canadian Association for Social Work Education – Association canadienne pour la formation en travail social (CASWE-ACFTS) (2018) to revitalize efforts towards environmental sustainability in Canadian social work education, this article joins other Canadian social work educators to advocate for the profession to incorporate a novel global paradigm—sustainability—into social work practice. Drawing on relevant literature and other empirical studies, this article aims to increase our understanding of the critical impact of a lack of sustainability on Canada’s poorest, most vulnerable, and oppressed people (such as Indigenous Peoples), who often live in the most degraded environments and have no control over their own natural resources. I argue that incorporating sustainability into Canadian social work education and practice is achievable only if the professional bodies, namely the Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW) and CASWE-ACFTS, provide institutional support by setting accreditation standards and ethical guidelines to reinforce sustainability in Canadian social work practice.
Keywords:
- environmental sustainability,
- social work,
- Canada
Résumé
Une préoccupation mondiale sur la façon dont l’utilisation non-viable des ressources naturelles engendre des injustices environnementales, sociales et économiques pour les populations les plus vulnérables est bien établie dans les écrits scientifiques. Bien que le travail social ait une longue tradition en matière de promotion de la justice sociale et économique, les questions de viabilité environnementale ne sont pas encore pleinement intégrées dans la formation et la pratique du travail social. Alors que le lien entre l’environnement naturel et la formation en travail social est bien présent dans les écrits australiens et américains, la littérature canadienne en travail social porte également attention à ces questions. En réponse à l’appel lancé par la Canadian Association for Social Work Education-Association canadienne pour la formation en travail social (CASWE-ACFTS) (2018) pour revitaliser les efforts en faveur de la viabilité environnementale dans la formation en travail social au Canada, cet article se joint à d’autres éducateurs en travail social canadiens afin de plaider en faveur de l’intégration par la profession d’un nouveau paradigme mondial — la viabilité — dans la pratique du travail social. S’appuyant sur les écrits pertinents et d’autres études empiriques, l’article vise à mieux comprendre l’impact critique de l’absence de viabilité environnementale sur les personnes les plus pauvres, les plus vulnérables et les plus opprimées du Canada (comme les Autochtones), qui vivent souvent dans les environnements les plus dégradés et n’ont aucun contrôle sur leurs propres ressources naturelles. L’auteur soutient que l’intégration de la viabilité de l’environnement dans la formation et la pratique du travail social au Canada n’est possible que si les organismes professionnels, à savoir l’Association canadienne des travailleuses sociales et travailleurs sociaux (ACTS) et la CASWE-ACFTS, offrent un soutien institutionnel en établissant des normes d’agrément et des directives éthiques pour renforcer la viabilité de l’environnement dans la pratique du travail social au Canada.
Mots-clés :
- viabilité de l’environnement,
- travail social,
- Canada
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Absolon, K. (2016). Wholistic and ethical: Social inclusion with Indigenous peoples. Social Inclusion, 4(1), 1–13.
- Absolon, K. (2019). Decolonizing education and educators’ decolonizing. Intersectionalities, 7(1), 9–28.
- Addams, J. (1902). Democracy and social ethics. Macmillan.
- Addams, J. (1930). The second twenty years at Hull-House. Macmillan.
- Akesson, B., Burns, V., & Hordyk S. R. (2017). The place of place in social work: Rethinking the person-in-environment model in social work education and practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 53(3), 372–383. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1272512
- Alberta Health Services. (2009). Fort Chipewyan cancer study’s findings.http://www.albertahealthservices.ca/500.asp.
- Alston, M. (2013). Environmental social work: Accounting for gender in climate disasters. Australian Social Work, 66(2), 218–233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0312407X.2012.738366
- Androff, D., Fike, C., & Rorke, J. (2017). Greening social work education: Teaching environmental rights and sustainability in community practice. Journal of Social Work Education, 53(3), 399–413. https://doi.org/10.1080/10437797.2016.1266976
- Baskin, C. (2016). Strong helpers’ teachings. The value of Indigenous knowledges in the helping professions (2nd Ed.). Canadian Scholars’ Press.
- Bench, A. (2020, February, 23). Teck project environmental deal reached between First Nation and Alberta government. Global News. https://globalnews.ca/news/6585803/environmental-deal-athabasca-chipewyan-teck-ab-government
- Berger, R. M., & Kelly, J. J. (1993). Social work in the ecological crisis. Social Work, 38, 521–526.
- Besthorn, F. (1997). Reconceptualizing social work’s person-in-environment perspective: Explorations in radical environmental thought [Doctoral dissertation, University of Kansas]. http://hdl.handle.net/1808/20764
- Besthorn, F. (2003). Radical ecologisms: Insights for educating social workers in ecological activism and social justice. Critical Social Work, 3(1), 66–106.
- Bowles, W., Boetto, H., Jones, P., & McKinnon, J. (2016). Is social work really greening? Exploring the place of sustainability and environment in social work codes of ethics. International Social Work, 61(4), 503–517. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020872816651695
- Brown A. and Bracken A. (2020, Feb.23). No surrender: after police defend gas pipeline over Indigenous rights, protesters shut down railways across Canada. The Intercept.https://theintercept.com/2020/02/23/wetsuweten-protest-coastal-gaslink-pipeline/
- Canadian Association for Social Work Education – Association canadienne pour la formation en travail social (CASWE-ACFTS). (2014). Standards for Accreditation. https://caswe-acfts.ca/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/CASWE-ACFTS.Standards-11-2014-1.pdf
- Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW). (2005). Social Work Code of Ethics. Canadian Association of Social Workers (CASW).
- CBC. (2005, September 02). “The Aamjiwnaang First Nation Concerned about chemical exposure.” CBC News.https://www.cbc.ca/news/technology/aamjiwnaang-first-nations-concerned-about-chemical-exposure-1.553954
- Chen, Y. (2009). Cancer incidence in Fort Chipewyan, Alberta: 1995–2006. Government of Alberta, Oil Sands Management Division.
- Coates, J. (2003). Exploring the roots of the environmental crisis: Opportunity for social transformation. Critical Social Work, 3(1), 44–66.
- Coates, J., & Gray, M. (2012). The environment and social work: An overview and introduction. International Journal of Social Welfare, 21(3), 230–8.
- Cornell, K. L. (2006). Person-in-situation: History, theory, and new directions for social work practice. Praxis, 6, 50–57.
- Daly, H., & Farley, J. (2011). Ecological economics: Principles and applications. Island Press.
- Dominelli, L. (2012). Green social work: From environmental crises to environmental justice. Polity Press.
- Dominelli. (2014). Promoting environmental justice through green social work practice: A key challenge for practitioners and educators. International Social Work, 57(4), 338–45.
- Drolet, J., Wu, H., Taylor, M., & Dennehy, A. (2015). Social work and sustainable social development: Teaching and learning strategies for ‘green social work’ curriculum. Social Work Education, 34(5) 528–543. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2015.1065808
- Faber, M. (2008). How to be an ecological economist. Ecological Economics, 66(1), 1–7.
- Gore, A. (2014, June 18). The turning point: new hope for the climate. Rolling Stone.https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/the-turning-point-new-hope-for-the-climate-81524
- Government of Canada. (2012). Environmental Issues. https://www.canada.ca/en/environment-climate-change/services/air-pollution/quality-environment-economy/issues.html
- Gray, M., & Hetherington, T. (2012). Environmental social work. Routledge.
- Green, D., & McDermott, F. (2010). Social work from inside and between complex systems: Perspectives on person-in-environment for today’s social work. British Journal of Social Work, 40(8), 2414–30.
- Greenwood, D. (2014). Place-based education: Grounding culturally responsive teaching in geographical diversity. In. D.A. Gruenewald and G. A. Smith (Eds.), Place-based education in the global age (Chap. 7, pp. 137-154). Routledge.
- Hawkins, C. (2010). Sustainability, human rights, and environmental justice: Critical connections for contemporary social work. Critical Social Work, 11(3).https://ojs.uwindsor.ca/index.php/csw/article/download/5833/4797/
- Hick, S. and Stokes, J. (2017). Social work in Canada: An introduction (4th ed.). Thompson Educational Publishing.
- Hill, O. (1909). Memorandum on the Report of the Royal Commission on the Poor Laws and Relief of Distress. P.S. King and Son.
- Hoff, M.D., & Polack, R. J. (1993). Social dimensions of the environmental crisis: Challenges for social work. Social Work, 38(2), 204–11.
- IASSW, ICSW & IFSW. (2012). The global agenda for social work and social development: commitment to action.http://cdn.ifsw.org/assets/globalagenda2012.pdf
- IASSW, ICSW & IFSW. (2010). Global agenda for social work and social development: towards an engagement agenda. IASSW, ICSW & IFSW. http://cdn.ifsw.org/assets/ifsw_84013-7.pdf
- IASSW, ICSW & IFSW. (2014). Global agenda for social work and social development first report 2014: Promoting social and economic equalities. International Social Work, 57(4), 3–16.
- IASSW, ICSW & IFSW. (2016). Global agenda for social work and social development: second report. Promoting the dignity and worth of peoples. IFSW. http://ifsw.org/product/books/global-agenda-for-social-work-and-social-development-2nd-report-pdf-edition
- IUCN. (1980). The world conservation strategy. International Union for Conservation of Natural Resources, UNEP.
- Jones, D. N. (2018). Promoting community and environmental sustainability. International Social Work, 61(4), 471–475.
- Klein N. (2014). This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs Climate. Simon & Schuster.
- Mackenzie, C. A., Lockridge, A., & Keith, M. (2005). Declining sex ratio in a First Nation community. Environmental Health Perspectives, 113(10), 1295–1298. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.8479
- Matthies, A. L., Närhi, K. (2014). Ecosocial approach as a framework for structural social work. In A. Pohjola, M. Seppänen, & M. Laitinen (Eds.), Structural social work: Yearbook of social work (pp. 87–116). Unipress.
- McKinnon, J. (2008). Exploring the nexus between social work and the environment. Australian Social Work, 61(3), 256–268.
- McKinnon, J., & Alston, M. (2016). Ecological social work: Towards sustainability.Palgrave Macmillan.
- Melekis K., & Woodhouse V. (2015). Transforming social work curricula: Institutional supports for promoting sustainability. Social Work Education, 34(5), 573–585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2015.1066325
- Mullaly, B. (2007). The new structural social work (3rd Ed.). Oxford University Press.
- Mulvale, J.P. (2017). Reclaiming and reconstituting our understanding of “environment” in social work theory. Canadian Social Work Review, 34(2), 169-186.
- Närhi K., & Matthies A. L. (2018). The ecosocial approach in social work as a framework for structural social work. International Social Work, 61(4), 490–502.
- Nesmith, A., & Smyth, N. (2015). Environmental justice and social work education: Social workers’ professional perspectives. Social Work Education, 34(5), 484–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02615479.2015.1063600
- O’Riordan, T. (1988). The Politics of Sustainability. In R. K. Turner (Ed), Sustainable Environmental Development. Principles and Practice (pp. 37 - 69). Belhaven Press.
- Plumwood, V. (2002). Environmental Culture: The ecological crisis of reason., Routledge
- Plumwood, V. (2003). Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. Routledge.
- Shajahan, P. K., & Sharma, P. (2018). Environmental justice: A call for action for social workers. International Social Work, 61(4), 476–480. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0020872818770585
- Shiva, V. (1988). Staying alive: women, ecology and development. Zed Books.
- Smith, B. (2019, August 8). Canada: Environmental Issues, Policies and Clean Technology. AZoCleantech.https://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=563
- Sovereign Likhts’amisuyu. (2019). Wet’suwet’en Territory: Likhts’amisyu Clan Begins Land Reclamation. https://likhtsamisyu.com/2019/08/15/wetsuweten-territory-likhtsamisyu-clan-begins-land-reclamation/
- Suzuki, D. (2007). Sacred Balance: Rediscovering Our Place in Nature. Greystone.
- Tasker, J. P. (2017, January 24). Trudeau welcomes Trump’s Keystone XL decision. CBC News. https://www.cbc.ca/news/politics/trudeau-cabinet-keystone-xl-1.3949754
- Teixeira, S., & Krings, A. (2015). Sustainable social work: An environmental justice framework for social work education. Social Work Education, 34(5), 513–27.
- Theriault, N., Leduc, T., Mitchell, A., Rubis, J., & Gaehowako, N. (2019). Living protocols: remaking worlds in the face of extinction. Social & Cultural Geography, 20, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/14649365.2019.1619821
- Thomas, W. L. (1956). Man’s role in changing the face of the earth. University of Chicago Press.
- Tom, M. N., Sumida Huaman, E. & McCarty, T. L. (2019). Indigenous knowledges as vital contributions to sustainability. International Review of Education, 65, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11159-019-09770-9
- United Nations. (2000). Millennium Summit. https://www.un.org/en/events/pastevents/millennium_summit.shtml
- United Nations. (2015). The Millennium Development Goals Report 2015. http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/2015_MDG_Report/pdf/MDG%202015%20rev%20(July%201).pdf
- United Nations. (1992). United Nations Conference on Environment & Development. https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf
- United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. (1992). The Earth Summit. UN Public Information.
- United Nations Environment Programme. (1976). Annual Review. Report to the UN Governing Council.
- United Nations Environment Programme. (1981). Annual Review.
- United Nations Environment Programme. (2017). 2016 Annual Report: Empowering People to Protect the Planet. https://reliefweb.int/sites/reliefweb.int/files/resources/UN%20Environment%202016%20Annual%20Report.pdf
- Ward, B., & Dubos, R. (1972): Only one earth: The care and maintenance of a small planet. Andre Deutsh.
- Watt-Cloutier, S. (2006, May, 14). Don’t abandon the arctic to climate change. The Globe and Mail.
- World Bank. (1987). Forestry sector policy paper. World Bank.
- World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our Common Future. World Commission on Environment and Development. Oxford University Press.
- Zapf, M. K. (2010). Social work and the environment: Understanding people and place. Canadian Scholars’ Press.