Résumés
Abstract
This paper explores the emotional experiences of professionals in a health and social care setting during a process of reform in the Canadian province of Quebec. Characterized as “new public management” or “new managerialism,” public health and social care services in a number of countries have undergone reforms since the early 1980s that focus on efficiency and cost reduction (Nadeau, 1996; Hornblow, 1997; Gross, Rosen, & Chinitz, 1998, Anell, 2005; Levine, 2007; Wimbush, Young, & Robertson, 2007). Although differences exist between the cultural and political contexts within which reforms are implemented, reforms regularly involve changing institutional and organizational structures, the implementation of standard procedures, and the generation of outcome measures for service. The process of reform, and the body of knowledge on organizational change however, tend to overlook the flux of emotions that take place in the everyday lives of professionals. This paper reflects on data from 25 individual interviews collected from a critical ethnography of one health and social care setting during a period of provincial health-care reform in Quebec, Canada (2004-2012). The paper provides an in-depth focus on the emotional consequences of reform as an attempt to understand and expose the human costs of change. Three patterns that professionals used to adapt to change and conflict are discussed: internalization of the reform mandate; rationalization; and creating distance between the reform and their professional or personal selves. Important in their own right, the emotions produced in a period of change provide lessons on the general stressors that surround reform, and demonstrate how health and social care professionals are often caught between policy intentions, professional values, and their personal ambitions.
Keywords:
- Health-care reform,
- social care,
- professionals,
- public policy,
- institutional ethnography,
- workplace stress,
- new managerialism
Résumé
Le présent article explore le vécu émotionnel des professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux lors d’une réforme dans la province de Québec, au Canada. Caractérisés par une « nouvelle gestion publique » ou un « gestionnariat », les services de santé et les services sociaux publics d’un certain nombre de pays ont subi des réformes depuis le début des années 1980 visant à améliorer leur efficacité et à en réduire les coûts (Nadeau, 1996; Hornblow, 1997; Gross, Rosen, et Chinitz, 1998; Anell, 2005; Levine, 2007; Wimbush, Young et Robertson, 2007). Bien qu’il existe des différences entre les contextes culturel et politique au sein desquels de telles mesures sont mises en oeuvre, les réformes sont régulièrement associées à des changements de structures institutionnelles et organisationnelles, à la mise en oeuvre de procédures normalisées et à la mise en place de mesures de rendement. Les réformes, et le bassin de connaissances sur le changement organisationnel, tendent à faire fi de la panoplie d’émotions que vivent au quotidien les professionnels. Le présent article examine les données de 25 entrevues recueillies à l’occasion d’une ethnographie critique d’un milieu de santé et de services sociaux lors d’une période de réforme des soins de santé au Québec (2004-2012). Il s’attarde en profondeur aux répercussions émotionnelles de la réforme afin de comprendre et d’illustrer les coûts humains du changement. Il aborde trois schémas que les professionnels utilisent pour s’adapter au changement et au conflit : l’intériorisation du mandat de la réforme, la rationalisation, et la création d’une distance entre la réforme et le soi professionnel et personnel. Importantes en elles-mêmes, les émotions produites par une période de changement servent de leçons sur les facteurs généraux de stress qui entourent la réforme, et montrent comment les professionnels de la santé et des services sociaux sont souvent pris entre les intentions visées par les politiques, les valeurs professionnelles et leurs ambitions personnelles.
Mots-clés :
- Réforme des soins de santé,
- services sociaux,
- professionnels,
- politique publique,
- ethnographie institutionnelle,
- stress en milieu de travail,
- nouveau gestionnariat
Parties annexes
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