Résumés
Résumé
La religion et la spiritualité ont toujours occupé une place au sein de la société, variable selon les époques. Néanmoins, les recherches s’intéressant à leur place dans le processus de sortie de la délinquance sont limitées dans le champ de la criminologie. L’objectif de notre étude réalisée en Belgique et en France était de comprendre comment religion et spiritualité peuvent soutenir le processus de désistance. Sept entretiens semi-directifs ont été menés auprès d’hommes et de femmes adultes auteurs d’infractions, et analysés selon la méthodologie qualitative d’analyse thématique de contenu. Religion et spiritualité apparaissent dans les matériaux comme soutien à la désistance, soutenant les comportements prosociaux et le développement identitaire des participant·e·s. Ces deux concepts sont également liés à d’autres facteurs impliqués dans les trajectoires de désistance des personnes rencontrées.
Mots-clés :
- Désistance,
- délinquance,
- religion,
- spiritualité,
- religiosité
Abstract
Despite representing a major component of present-day society, research focusing on the role of religion and spirituality in the desistance process is rare in Europe. The aim of this study, therefore, is to understand how these two components can help people to stop offending. A qualitative methodology was employed, involving semi-structured interviews and thematic analysis of the resulting narratives. Our study enables us to consider religion and spirituality as supports for desistance that endorse prosocial behaviour and the identity development of participants. Links are also made between these two concepts and the presence of other factors involved in desistance.
Keywords:
- Desistance,
- delinquency,
- religion,
- spirituality,
- religiosity
Resumen
La religión y la espiritualidad siempre han desempeñado un papel en la sociedad, aunque éste haya variado de una época a otra. Sin embargo, los estudios sobre su papel en el proceso de salida de la delincuencia están limitados en el campo de la criminología. El objetivo de nuestro estudio, realizado en Bélgica y Francia, era comprender cómo la religión y la espiritualidad pueden apoyar el proceso de desistimiento. Se realizaron siete entrevistas semiestructuradas a delincuentes adultos de ambos sexos y se analizaron mediante la metodología cualitativa del análisis temático de contenido. La religión y la espiritualidad aparecen en los materiales como apoyo al desistimiento, apuntalando el comportamiento prosocial y el desarrollo de la identidad de los y las participantes. Estos dos conceptos también están vinculados a otros factores implicados en las trayectorias de desistimiento de las personas estudiadas.
Palabras clave:
- Desistimiento,
- delincuencia,
- religión,
- espiritualidad,
- religiosidad
Parties annexes
Références
- Bakken, N. W., DeCamp, W., et Visher, C. A. (2013). Spirituality and desistance from substance use among reentering offenders. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(11), 1321-1339. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x13494076
- Boudon, R. (2004). Théorie du choix rationnel ou individualisme méthodologique ? Revue du MAUSS, 24(2), 281‑309. https://doi.org/10.3917/rdm.024.0281
- Copp, J. E., Giordano, P. C., Longmore, M. A., et Manning, W. D. (2020). Desistance from crime during the transition to adulthood : The influence of parents, peers, and shifts in identity. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 57(3), 294-332. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427819878220
- DiPietro, S. M., et Dickinson, T. (2021). “God is real” : narratives of religiously motivated desistance. Criminology, 59(4), 645-670.
- Farrall, S., et Maruna, S. (2004). Desistance-focused criminal justice policy research : Introduction to a special issue on desistance from crime and public policy. The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 358-367.
- Farrington, D. P. (1986). Age and crime. Crime and justice, 7, 189-250.
- Fox, K. J. (2022). Desistance frameworks. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 63, 101684.
- Giordano, P. C. (2022). Some cognitive transformations about the dynamics of desistance. Criminology et Public Policy, 21(4), 787-809. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9133.12609
- Giordano, P. C., Cernkovich, S. A., et Rudolph, J. L. (2002). Gender, crime, and desistance : Toward a theory of cognitive transformation. American Journal of Sociology, 107(4), 990-1064. https://doi.org/10.1086/343191
- Glowacz, F., et Born, M. (2017). Psychologie de la délinquance. De Boeck Supérieur.
- Guest, G., Bunce, A., et Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are Enough ? : An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59-82. https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
- Guo, S., et Metcalfe, C. (2019). Religion as a social control : A longitudinal study of religious involvement and substance use. Crime & Delinquency, 65(8), 1149-1181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128718787510
- Harris, D. A., Ackerman, A., et Haley, M. (2017). ‘Losing my religion’ : an exploration of religion and spirituality in men who claim to have desisted from sexual offending. Criminal Justice Studies, 30(2), 101-116. https://doi.org/10.1080/1478601x.2017.1300385
- Healy, D. (2013). Changing fate ? Agency and the desistance process. Theoretical Criminology, 17(4), 557-574. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480613494991
- Hill, P. C., Pargament, K. I., Hood, R. W., McCullough, J., Swyers, J. P., Larson, D. B., et Zinnbauer, B. J. (2000). Conceptualizing religion and spirituality : points of commonality, points of departure. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 30(1), 51-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-5914.00119
- Jastrzębski, A. K. (2022). The challenging task of defining spirituality. Journal of Spirituality in Mental Health, 24(2), 113-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/19349637.2020.1858734
- Johnson, B. R. (2018). Why religion and religious freedom is good for society, offenders, and prisons. The Wiley Handbook of Christianity and Education, 119. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119098416.ch5
- Kelly, J. M., Kramer, S. R., et Shariff, A. F. (2024). Religiosity predicts prosociality, especially when measured by self-report : A meta-analysis of almost 60 years of research. Psychological bulletin, 150(3), 284-318. https://doi.org/10.1037/bul0000413
- King, S. (2013). Transformative agency and desistance from crime. Criminology & Criminal Justice, 13(3), 317-335. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895812452282
- Laub, J. H., et Sampson, R. J. (2001). Understanding desistance from crime. Crime and Justice, 28, 1‑69. https://doi.org/10.1086/652208
- Laub, J. H., Rowan, Z. R., et Sampson, R. J. (2018). The age-graded theory of informal social control. In The Oxford handbook of developmental and life-course criminology (pp. 295-322). New York, NY : Oxford Press.
- Mandhouj, O., Aubin, H. J., Amirouche, A., Perroud, N. A., et Huguelet, P. (2014). Spirituality and religion among french prisoners. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58(7), 821-834. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624x13491715
- Maruna, S. (2004). Desistance from crime and explanatory style : a new direction in the psychology of reform. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 20(2), 184-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043986204263778
- Maruna, S., Wilson, L., et Curran, K. (2006). Why God is often found behind bars : Prison conversions and the crisis of self-narrative. Research in human development, 3(2-3), 161-184.
- Maruna, S., Lebel, T. P., Mitchell, N., et Naples, M. (2004). Pygmalion in the reintegration process : Desistance from crime through the looking glass. Psychology, Crime et Law, 10(3), 271-281.
- Maruna, S., Lebel, T. P., Naples, M., et Mitchell, N. (2013). Looking-glass identity transformation : Pygmalion and Golem in the rehabilitation process. In How offenders transform their lives (p. 43-68). Willan.
- McNeill, F. (2016). Desistance and criminal justice in Scotland. Dans G. Mooney et R. Munro (dir.), Crime, Justice and Society in Scotland (p. 200-216). Routledge.
- Mohammed, M. (2015). Sortir de la délinquance. Idées économiques et sociales, 181, 48-52. https://doi.org/10.3917/idee.181.0048
- Mohammed, M. (2019). Les sorties religieuses de la délinquance. Dans A. Gaïa (dir.), Comment sort-on de la délinquance : Comprendre les processus de désistance (p. 53-71). Médecine et Hygiène. https://doi.org/10.3917/mh.gaia.2019.01.0053
- Morag, M., et Teman, E. (2018). The “watchful eye of God” : The role of religion in the rehabilitation and reentry of repentant Jewish prisoners. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 62(7), 2103-2126. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X17698054
- Mucchielli, A. (2009). Dictionnaire des méthodes qualitatives en sciences humaines (3e éd.) par Armand Colin.
- Nagin, D. S., et Paternoster, R. (1993). Enduring individual differences and rational choice theories of crime. Law et Society Review, 27(3), 467-496. https://doi.org/10.2307/3054102
- Nugent, B., et Schinkel, M. (2016). The pains of desistance. Criminology et Criminal Justice, 16(5), 568-584. https://doi.org/10.1177/1748895816634812
- Paillé, P., Mucchielli A. (2016). L’analyse qualitative en sciences humaines et sociales (4e éd.). Armand Colin.
- Paloutzian, R. F., et Park, C. L. (2021). The psychology of religion and spirituality : How big the tent ? Psychology of Religion and Spirituality, 13(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000218
- Paternoster, R., et Bushway, S. (2009). Desistance and the “feared self” : Toward an identity theory of criminal desistance. The journal of criminal law and criminology (1973-), 99(4), 1103-1156. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20685067
- Ross, L. (2021). Prisoner Reformation and the Promise of Religion. Religions, 12(2) : 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12020105
- Salvatore, C., et Rubin, G. (2018). The influence of religion on the criminal behavior of emerging adults. Religions, 9(5), 141. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel9050141
- Sarg, R. et Lamine, A. (2011). La religion en prison : norme structurante, réhabilitation de soi, stratégie de résistance. Archives de sciences sociales des religions, 153, 85-104. https://doi.org/10.4000/assr.22761
- Schneuwly Purdie, M. (2011). « Silence… Nous sommes en direct avec Allah » : l'émergence d'intervenants musulmans en contexte carcéral. Archives de sciences sociales des religions, 153, 105-121. https://doi.org/10.4000/assr.22771
- Smith, L. C. (2007). Conceptualizing spirituality and religion : Where we've come from, where we are, and where we are going. Journal of Pastoral Counseling, 42.
- Stansfield, R., et Mowen, T. J. (2018). Religious Involvement, Moral Community and Social Ecology : New Considerations in the Study of Religion and Reentry. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 35(3), 493-516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-018-9394-9
- Stansfield, R., Mowen, T. J., O’Connor, T., et Boman, J. H. (2016). The role of religious support in reentry. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 54(1), 111-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427816657578
- Suzuki, M., et Jenkins, T. (2022). The role of (self-)forgiveness in restorative justice : Linking restorative justice to desistance. European Journal of Criminology, 19(2), 202-219. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819895959
- Sweeten, G., Piquero, A. R., et Steinberg, L. (2013). Age and the explanation of crime, revisited. Journal of youth and adolescence, 42(6), 921-938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-013-9926-4
- Villeneuve, M.-P., F.-Dufour, I. et Farrall, S. (2020). Désistement assisté en contexte formel : une étude de la portée. Criminologie, 53(1), 41-71. https://doi.org/10.7202/1070501ar
- Weaver, B. (2019). Understanding desistance : a critical review of theories of desistance. Psychology, crime et law, 25(6), 641-658. https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2018.1560444
- Zinnbauer, B. J., et Pargament, K. I. (2005). Religiousness and Spirituality. In R. F. Paloutzian et C. L. Park (Eds.), Handbook of the psychology of religion and spirituality (pp. 21-42). The Guilford Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387689
10.7202/1070501ar