Résumés
Résumé
Les agressions sexuelles d’enfants sont considérées comme l’une des formes de crimes les plus graves. Malgré l’octroi de moyens humains et financiers importants aux forces de police, certains de ces crimes ne sont pas résolus. La perspective non discrétionnaire suggère que les agresseurs adoptent des comportements particuliers qui diminuent leurs risques d’être identifiés par la police. Cette étude explore le rôle des choix et comportements des agresseurs (sélection de victimes avec des caractéristiques spécifiques, les paramètres des lieux associés aux crimes, les caractéristiques du crime, les stratégies précises pour éviter la détection policière) sur le statut de résolution du crime (c.-à-d. résolu versus non résolu). Cette recherche se base sur un échantillon de 309 cas de viols d’enfants (200 résolus et 109 non résolus) survenus en France entre 1982 et 2015. L’échantillon a été restreint aux victimes âgées de moins de 16 ans qui ont été agressées par un agresseur qu’elles ne connaissaient pas du tout au moment des faits. Les analyses bivariées et multivariées ont montré que la sélection de victimes avec des caractéristiques spécifiques (p. ex. : victimes qui n’étaient pas surveillées), le paramètre des lieux associés aux crimes (p. ex. : lieu unique pour la rencontre, la commission du crime et la libération de la victime) et les comportements de l’agresseur (p. ex. : diversité des actes sexuels, stratégie pour aborder la victime) impactent la résolution par la police des agressions sexuelles d’enfants. Cette étude montre également que la plupart des agresseurs sexuels d’enfants n’utilisent pas de stratégies spécifiques pour ne pas être détectés par la police. Cette étude présente aussi bien des conclusions théoriques et pratiques pour la compréhension du comportement criminel et l’amélioration des pratiques d’enquête policière.
Mots-clés :
- Agressions sexuelles d’enfants,
- enquête policière,
- résolution policière,
- stratégies pour éviter la détection policière,
- comportement criminel,
- sélection des victimes
Abstract
Sexual assaults involving children are one of the most serious kinds of aggression, but, despite the significant human and monetary resources available to police, some of these crimes remain unsolved. A non-discretionary perspective suggests that individuals who commit such crimes may adopt specific behaviors that increase their chances of avoiding detection. This study explores the role of an individual’s choices and behavior (i.e., selecting victims who display certain characteristics, choosing particular kinds of places in which to commit crimes, the characteristics of the crime, and strategies adopted specifically to avoid arrest) on the resolution of the crime (i.e., solved or unsolved). The research is based on a sample of 309 cases of the rape of a child (200 solved and 109 unsolved) in France between 1982 and 2015. The sample was restricted to victims aged less than 16 years old who did not know their perpetrator at the time of the offense. Bivariate and multivariate analyses indicate that certain victim characteristics (e.g., victim was unsupervised), crime location characteristics (e.g., encounter, crime, and release of the victim took place at the same location), and offender behavior (e.g., range of sexual acts ; strategy of approach) affected whether or not the crime was solved by police. This study also shows that most child abusers do not use explicit strategies to avoid police detection. The theoretical and practical implications of understanding criminal behavior and criminal investigation are discussed.
Keywords:
- Child sexual abuse,
- crime investigation,
- crime solving,
- forensic awareness strategies,
- crime characteristics,
- victimological characteristics
Resumen
Las agresiones sexuales de niños son consideradas como una de las formas de crimen más graves. A pesar del otorgamiento de medios humanos y financieros importantes a las fuerzas de policía, algunos de estos crímenes no quedan resueltos. La perspectiva no discrecional sugiere que los agresores adoptan comportamientos específicos que aumentan sus probabilidades de evitar ser identificados por la policía. Este estudio explora el rol de las elecciones y comportamientos de los agresores (la selección de víctimas con características específicas, los parámetros de los lugares asociados a los crímenes, las características del crimen, las estrategias específicas para evitar la detección policial) sobre el estatus de resolución del crimen (es decir, resuelto versus no resuelto). Esta investigación se basa en una muestra de 309 casos de violaciones de niños (200 resueltos y 109 no resueltos), ocurridos en Francia entre 1982 y 2015. La muestra fue restringida a las víctimas de menos de 16 años que fueron agredidas por un agresor que no conocían para nada en el momento de los hechos. Los análisis bivariados y multivariados muestran que la selección de víctimas con características específicas (por ejemplo, el lugar único para el encuentro, la comisión del crimen y la liberación de la víctima), y los comportamientos del agresor (por ejemplo la diversidad de los actos sexuales, la estrategia para acercarse a la víctima), impactan la resolución de las agresiones sexuales de niños por la policía. Igualmente, este estudio muestra que la mayoría de los agresores sexuales de niños no utilizan estrategias específicas para evitar la detección policial. Este estudio también presenta conclusiones teóricas y prácticas para la comprensión del comportamiento criminal, así como el mejoramiento de las prácticas de investigación policial.
Palabras clave:
- Agresiones sexuales de niños,
- investigación policial,
- resolución policial,
- estrategias para evitar la detección policial,
- comportamiento criminal,
- selección de las víctimas
Parties annexes
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