Résumés
Résumé
L’objectif de cette contribution est de dresser le script de l’intervention policière auprès des personnes dont l’état mental est perturbé (PEMP) afin de cerner les éléments qui mènent à l’usage de la force. La consultation de 130 dossiers policiers a permis de reconstituer les étapes centrales de ces interventions. Le script se divise en cinq étapes : 1) recevoir l’appel de service et dépêcher les policiers sur les lieux ; 2) arriver sur les lieux ; 3) évaluer la PEMP ; 4) intervenir auprès de la PEMP ; et 5) prendre en charge la PEMP. Dès l’arrivée sur les lieux, la présence de personnes en danger précipite souvent l’emploi de la force par les policiers tandis que la présence d’un tiers ayant une bonne relation avec la PEMP prévient régulièrement le recours à la force. Les résultats montrent également que l’usage de la force est le résultat d’échanges entre le policier et la PEMP. L’emploi de stratégies de communication coercitives par les policiers diminue la collaboration de la PEMP et, par la suite, les policiers sont plus susceptibles d’employer la force. Enfin, les résultats laissent supposer qu’une théorie sur l’usage de la force a avantage à intégrer les facteurs immédiats incluant les échanges entre le policier et la personne interpellée.
Mots-clés :
- Utilisation de la force,
- état mental perturbé,
- police,
- script
Abstract
This article applies script analysis to police interventions with an emotionally disturbed person (EDP) in order to identify factors associated with the use of force. Data were extracted from 130 police reports. The script was divided into five steps: (1) answering the call and dispatching police officers; (2) arriving on the scene; (3) assessing the EDP; (4) intervening with the EDP; and (5) managing the EDP. Results indicate that police use of force is more likely when a third party is in danger. Conversely, the presence of a person with a good relationship with the EPD is negatively associated with the use of force. Results also show that police use of force is the result of exchanges between the officer and the EPD. Coercive communication strategies often decrease collaboration and lack of collaboration is more likely to lead to the police use of force. Finally, findings suggest that a theory of the use of force should incorporate situational factors such as interactions between the police officer and the suspect.
Keywords:
- Use of force,
- emotionally disturbed individuals,
- police,
- script
Resumen
El objetivo de esta contribución es de elaborar el guión de la intervención policial a personas cuyo estado mental está perturbado (PEMP) con el fin de identificar los elementos que llevan al uso de la fuerza. La consulta de 130 registros policiales permitió reconstituir las etapas centrales de estas intervenciones. El guion se divide en 5 etapas: 1) recibir la llamada de servicio y despechar los policías a la escena; 2) llegar a la escena; 3) evaluar a la persona cuyo estado mental está perturbado; 4) interactuar con la persona; y 5) hacerse cargo de la persona. Al llegar a la escena, la presencia de personas en peligro precipita a menudo el empleo de la fuerza por los policías, mientras que la presencia de un tercero que tenga una buena relación con la PEMP previene regularmente el recurso a la fuerza. Los resultados muestran igualmente que el uso de la fuerza es el resultado de intercambios entre el policía y la PEMP. El empleo de estrategias de comunicación coercitivas por los policías disminuye la colaboración de la PEMP y, luego, los policías son más susceptibles de usar la fuerza. Finalmente, los resultados sugieren que una teoría sobre el uso de la fuerza tiene la ventaja de integrar a los factores inmediatos, incluyendo los intercambios entre el policía y la persona interpelada.
Palabras clave:
- Uso de la fuerza,
- estado mental perturbado,
- policía,
- guión
Parties annexes
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