Résumés
Résumé
Les jeunes contrevenants sont une population particulièrement à risque d’idéations suicidaires, de tentatives de suicide et de suicides complétés. Le modèle Cry of Pain a été conçu par Williams (2001) pour expliquer la trajectoire suicidaire auprès de la population générale. Le modèle interpersonnel du suicide de Joiner (2005) a, pour sa part, été conçu pour prédire les suicides complétés. Le premier propose que les idées et comportements suicidaires résultent d’un processus qui comprend trois composantes : un sentiment de défaite, la perception d’être pris au piège et le désespoir. Le second avance plutôt que le suicide résulte de l’addition de trois facteurs : un faible sentiment d’appartenance, un sentiment de lourdeur relationnelle et une aptitude au suicide. Une recension des écrits récents a été menée, puis les facteurs de risque personnels et institutionnels soulevés ont été utilisés pour vérifier lequel des deux modèles s’applique le mieux à la population d’intérêt. Il est proposé que la situation de mise sous garde en centre de réadaptation aurait le potentiel d’enclencher la trajectoire du modèle Cry of Pain chez le jeune contrevenant. Les implications pour l’intervention et la recherche sont discutées.
Mots-clés :
- Suicide,
- adolescents,
- contrevenants,
- modèle Cry of Pain,
- modèle interpersonnel du suicide
Abstract
Young offenders are particularly at risk of suicidal ideation and both attempted and completed suicide. Williams (2001) developed the Cry of Pain model to explain the trajectory of suicide in the general population, while Joiner’s (2005) interpersonal suicide model was designed to predict completed suicides. The Cry of Pain model suggests that suicidal thoughts and behaviors are the result of a process that involves a sense of defeat, the perception of being trapped, and feelings of hopelessness. The model developed by Joiner includes three additional factors : little sense of belonging, the feeling of being a burden, and an openness to the idea of suicide. A review of recent literature was conducted and personal and institutional risk factors were used to test which of the two models is most applicable to the population of interest. The results suggest that being in custody in a rehabilitation center has the potential to lead young offenders to follow the Cry of Pain trajectory. Implications for research and intervention are discussed.
Keywords:
- Suicide,
- youth,
- offenders,
- cry of pain model,
- interpersonal model of suicide
Resumen
Los delincuentes jóvenes son una población con un riesgo particular de tener ideas suicidas, de tener intentos de suicidio y de suicidarse. El modelo Cry of Pain fue concebido por Williams (2001) para explicar la trayectoria suicida en la población en general. El modelo interpersonal del suicidio de Joiner (2005) fue, por su lado, concebido para predecir los suicidios llevados a cabo. El primero propone que las ideas y comportamientos suicidas son el resultado de un proceso compuesto por tres elementos : un sentimiento de pérdida, la percepción de estar atrapado y el desespero. El segundo sugiere más bien que el suicidio es el resultado de la adición de tres factores : un sentimiento débil de pertenencia, un sentimiento de pesadez emocional y una aptitud para el suicidio. Una revisión de la literatura fue realizada. Luego, los factores de riesgo personales e institucionales destacados fueron utilizados para verificar cuál de los dos modelos se aplica mejor a la población de interés. Se propone que la situación de custodia en los centros de readaptación tendría el potencial de desencadenar la trayectoria del modelo Cry of Pain en los jóvenes delincuentes. Las implicaciones para la intervención y para la investigación son discutidas.
Palabras clave:
- Suicidio,
- adolescentes,
- delincuentes,
- modelo Cry of Pain,
- modelo interpersonal del suicidio
Parties annexes
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