Résumés
Résumé
Chaque année, dans le monde, entre 48 et 50 millions de personnes se retrouvent endeuillées à la suite d’un suicide. Au Canada seulement, ce sont 4 000 individus qui se suicident chaque année, laissant derrière eux un grand nombre de personnes qui doivent faire face au caractère traumatisant et complexe du suicide. Dans un contexte qui avait déjà vu la tentative de suicide être décriminalisée en 1972, la présente étude se penche sur ce qui apparaît désormais constituer une nouvelle problématique de santé publique : le soutien aux personnes endeuillées à la suite d’un suicide. Nous discuterons à cet égard de quelques acteurs clés qui ont influencé les politiques canadiennes sur le sujet : les tribunaux, la Constitution ou encore des groupes qui avaient un intérêt spécifique par rapport à cet enjeu. Les questions de santé associées à ce type de deuil de même que la question de la nécessité de l’intervention seront abordées. Enfin, divers aspects émergents de ces politiques qui demandent encore à être éclairés seront examinés, de même que la nécessité de distinguer les approches à court, moyen et long terme quand on intervient auprès de personnes touchées par ce type de deuil.
Mots-clés :
- Suicide,
- politique,
- prévention,
- Canada
Abstract
Worldwide, between 48 and 500 million individuals are affected by suicide every year. In Canada alone, 4,000 individuals die yearly by suicide, meaning that a substantial portion of the population must cope with the traumatic and complex aftermath of suicide. This paper discusses the emergence of suicide bereavement as a public health issue following the decriminalization of attempted suicide in 1972. The role of key structures, including the courts, the constitution, and special interest groups, that have shaped suicide and suicide bereavement policy in Canada are examined. Health outcomes associated with suicide bereavement are reviewed, as well as the need for intervention. Emerging areas of suicide policy where guidance is needed are also discussed, as are the need for upstream, midstream, and downstream approaches to suicide bereavement intervention.
Keywords:
- Suicide,
- policy,
- prevention,
- Canada
Resumen
A nivel mundial, entre 48 y 500 millones de individuos sufren el impacto del duelo a causa de un suicidio anualmente. Solamente en Canadá, 4000 individuos mueren anualmente por causa del suicidio, lo cual significa que una proporción substancial de la población debe afrontar el traumatismo y la complejidad de la naturaleza del suicidio. Este artículo trata de la emergencia del duelo frente al suicidio como un asunto de salud pública después de que fuese votada la descriminalización de la tentativa de suicidio en 1972. Examinamos aquí el rol de estructuras claves, incluyendo las cortes, la constitución y los grupos de interés especiales, que le ha modelado el suicidio y la política del duelo frente al suicidio en Canadá. Las consecuencias para la salud, asociadas al duelo frente al suicidio son revisadas, así como la necesidad de intervención. Áreas emergentes de la política del suicidio en las que una guía es requerida son también discutidas, agregándose a la necesidad de aproximaciones a corto, mediano y largo plazo, en lo que se refiere a la intervención frente al duelo.
Palabras clave:
- Suicidio,
- política,
- prevención,
- Canadá
Parties annexes
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