Résumés
Résumé
Dans cet article, il est question du processus de désaffiliation au sein d’un échantillon de 73 membres de gangs incarcérés dans un centre de détention en Colombie-Britannique. Plus précisément, cet article examine si la désaffiliation est associée aux caractéristiques individuelles ou plutôt aux caractéristiques et aux processus collectifs. Pour ce faire, les différences entre les membres toujours affiliés (n = 51) et ceux s’étant désistés (n = 22) sont dans un premier temps examinées. Deuxièmement, une régression logistique est utilisée afin de déterminer quels sont les facteurs les plus susceptibles de prédire une désaffiliation au sein de l’échantillon. Les principaux résultats semblent indiquer que la violence au sein du gang ainsi que l’environnement criminel de la recrue favorisent la continuation de l’affiliation et retardent ainsi le désistement. Cet article a aussi pour objectif d’illustrer le contexte dans lequel se déroule la désaffiliation, en examinant (a) le rôle d’évènements potentiels précipitant la décision de se désaffilier et (b) le rôle spécifique joué par la violence dans le processus de désaffiliation. Ces deux derniers objectifs sont abordés dans l’analyse des récits des 22 participants ayant récemment quitté leur gang. Le but premier de cette analyse qualitative est de bonifier les résultats issus de l’analyse quantitative, qui ne parvient peut-être pas à capturer le spectre complet du processus décisionnel.
Mots-clés :
- Gangs,
- désistement,
- désaffiliation,
- affiliation,
- violence
Abstract
The present study examines the process of gang disaffiliation among a sample of 73 incarcerated gang members in British Columbia, looking at whether termination of membership is associated with individual characteristics or is more influenced by group characteristics and processes. The differences between active members (n = 51) and those who have left the gang (n = 22) are examined. A logistic regression is then used to determine which factors were more likely to predict gang disaffiliation among those in our sample. The results suggest that internal gang violence and a pre-membership criminal social environment support continued membership and thus delay disaffiliation. The article also examines the context in which disaffiliation takes place, looking at (a) the role of potential triggering events on the decision to leave the gang and (b) the role of violence in the process of disaffiliation. These two last objectives are addressed by analysing the narratives of the 22 participants of this study who had recently left their gangs. This qualitative analysis complements the quantitative results, which may not capture the full spectrum of the decision process.
Keywords:
- Gangs,
- gang desistance,
- disengagement,
- gang membership,
- violence
Resumen
En el presente artículo, se debate sobre el proceso de desafiliación en el seno de una muestra de 73 miembros de pandillas encarceladas en un centro de detención de Colombia Británica. Más precisamente, el artículo examina si la desafiliación está asociada a características individuales o más bien a características y procesos colectivos. Para ello, las diferencias entre los miembros afiliados (n = 51) y aquellos que se habían desistido (n = 22) son, en un primer tiempo, examinados. En un segundo tiempo, una regresión logística es utilizada con el fin de determinar cuales son los factores más susceptibles de predecir una desafiliación en el seno de la muestra. Los resultados principales sugieren que la violencia en el seno de la pandilla, así como el ambiente criminal de los reclutados, promueven la continuidad de la afiliación, retardando así el desistimiento. Este artículo tiene también como objetivo ilustrar el contexto en el cual se lleva a cabo la desafiliación, examinando : a) el rol de los eventos que potencialmente precipitan la decisión de desafiliarse y b) el rol específico que juega la violencia en el proceso de desafiliación. Estos dos últimos objetivos son abordados en el análisis de los discursos de los 22 participantes que abandonaron recientemente a su pandilla. El principal objetivo de este análisis cualitativo es el de bonificar los resultados obtenidos a partir del análisis cuantitativo, que, quizás, no logran capturar el espectro completo del proceso de decisión.
Palabras clave:
- pandillas callejeras,
- desistimiento,
- desafiliación,
- afiliación,
- violencia
Parties annexes
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