Résumés
Résumé
Le présent article examine la relation entre la politique du blâme et le traitement des anciens prisonniers politiques dans l’Irlande du Nord post-conflit. S’appuyant sur des exemples de discrimination directe et indirecte tant dans les secteurs de l’emploi que dans l’accès aux services de santé mentale, l’article porte sur la façon dont l’opération discursive du blâme conduit à évacuer en même temps qu’à établir des culpabilités. Il soutient que l’octroi de tels blâmes a eu des conséquences matérielles très concrètes sur l’allocation des ressources, le refus de les allouer ou encore l’attribution des charges dans la communauté. L’article note aussi que la « cause des victimes » est souvent récupérée par la presse et d’autres acteurs politiques pour leurs propres intérêts, fréquemment en vue de bloquer la distribution de ressources publiques à un groupe particulier d’anciens combattants : les anciens prisonniers politiques. Il conclut en posant une série de questions au sujet du blâme, de la justice et de l’autorité morale de la victime dans un contexte de justice transitionnelle. L’article vise essentiellement à offrir quelques pistes de lecture pour comprendre la relation entre processus de blâme, stigmatisation et exclusion sociale.
Mots-clés :
- Punition,
- blâme,
- stigmate,
- anciens prisonniers politiques,
- Irlande du Nord
Abstract
This paper examines the relationship between the politics of blame in post-conflict Northern Ireland and the treatment of politically motivated former prisoners. Using the examples of direct and indirect discrimination in the areas of employment and access to mental health services, the paper considers how the discursive operation of blaming produces evasions and attributions of guilt. It argues that such blaming practices have very real material consequences for the allocation or withholding of goods and burdens in the community. The paper notes also that the ‘cause of victims’ is often appropriated by the press and other political actors for their own purposes, frequently to block the provision of public goods to one particular group of ex-combatants : ex-politically motivated prisoners. It concludes by posing a series of questions about blaming, justice and the moral authority of the victim in a transitional justice context. The claim of the paper is simply to offer some starting points for understanding the relationship between processes of blame, stigma and social exclusion.
Keywords:
- Punishment,
- blame,
- stigma,
- political ex-prisoners,
- Northern Ireland
Resumen
El presente artículo analiza las relaciones entre la política de la culpa y el tratamiento de los ex presos políticos en la Irlanda del Norte post conflicto. Apoyándose en ejemplos de discriminación directa e indirecta tanto en el sector del empleo como en el del acceso a los servicios de salud mental, el artículo toma en cuenta la forma en que la operación discursiva de la culpa conduce a evasión al mismo tiempo que a distribuir culpas. Muestra que la distribución de culpas ha tenido consecuencias materiales concretas respecto a la asignación de recursos y a la atribución de cargas dentro de la comunidad. El articulo destaca también que la “causa de las víctimas” con frecuencia es recuperada por la prensa y otros sectores políticos para defender sus propios intereses, con frecuencia con el fin de bloquear la distribución de bienes públicos a un grupo particular de ex combatientes, ex presos políticos la mayoría. Concluye planteando una serie de preguntas sobre las culpas, la justicia y la autoridad moral de la víctima en un contexto de justicia de transición. El artículo busca esencialmente ofrecer algunas claves de lectura para entender mejor la relación entre el proceso de la culpa, la estigmatización y la exclusión social.
Palabras clave:
- Castigo,
- atribución de culpas,
- estigmatización,
- ex-prisioneros políticos,
- Irlanda del Norte
Parties annexes
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