Résumés
Résumé
Cet article examine les différentes manières par lesquelles les victimes de crimes ont pu être intégrées à une procédure accusatoire dans des ressorts de common law. Le dépôt d’une déclaration de victime a été la principale voie par laquelle les victimes se sont vu octroyer un certain statut dans les procédures judiciaires. Récemment, l’importance croissante des avocats des victimes dans divers ressorts de common law témoigne du souci accru de donner à celles-ci un vrai statut et des droits effectifs en termes de représentation juridique. Un avocat peut ainsi les accompagner tout au long de la procédure judiciaire, des audiences avant procès jusqu’à la détermination de la peine et aux procédures d’appel. L’expérience des tribunaux de droit civil pourrait aussi contribuer au succès de l’intégration des avocats des victimes dans des modèles accusatoires ; des avocats dont la notoriété grandissante traduit une avancée significative pour un droit pénal qui, en concevant les victimes comme parties prenantes des systèmes de justice de type accusatoire, attache de plus en plus d’importance à valoriser leur capacité d’action.
Mots-clés :
- Victimes,
- avocats,
- procédures contradictoires,
- common law,
- procédures inquisitoires
Abstract
This article examines the various ways in which victims have been integrated into adversarial proceedings in common law jurisdictions. The provision of victim impact statements has been the main way through which victims of crime have been afforded some role in court proceedings. The recent rise of victim lawyers across various common law jurisdictions holds greater promise by granting the victim actual standing and rights of representation by private counsel throughout the trial process – from pre-trial hearings through to sentencing and appeal. Comparisons to civil law jurisdictions will suggest how victim lawyers may be successfully integrated into adversarial systems. Victim lawyers will be examined as an important development in criminal justice that provides for the agency of the victim as a significant stakeholder in adversarial systems of justice.
Keywords:
- Victims,
- lawyers,
- adversarial trial,
- common law,
- inquisitorial process
Resumen
Este artículo analiza las diversas formas en que las víctimas de crímenes se han podido integrar en el procedimiento acusatorio de las jurisdicciones regidas por el derecho anglosajón (common law). La presentación de una declaración ante el tribunal ha sido la principal vía para que las víctimas obtengan un cierto estatuto en los procedimientos judiciales. La creciente presencia de abogados de las víctimas en diversas jurisdicciones de derecho anglosajón es expresión de la cada vez mayor preocupación por otorgarles un verdadero estatuto y derechos reales de representación jurídica en el procedimiento judicial, desde las audiencias preliminares hasta la sentencia y los procedimientos de apelación. La comparación con la experiencia de los tribunales de derecho civil contribuye también al éxito de la integración de los abogados de las víctimas en los modelos acusatorios. Se analiza la importancia de los abogados de las víctimas como un avance importante en la justicia penal para considerar a éstas como una parte importante en los sistemas de justicia de tipo acusatorio.
Palabras clave:
- Víctimas,
- abogados,
- procedimientos confrontacionales,
- common law,
- procedimientos indagatorios
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
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