Résumés
Résumé
Dans les échelles d’appréciation de la qualité scientifique des recherches, les essais randomisés contrôlés (ERC) figurent en haut de la liste. En termes de crédibilité, dans le courant des pratiques fondées sur des données probantes (Evidence Based Practice [EBP]), les résultats qu’ils obtiennent ont la priorité sur les autres. Les recensions Cochrane, qui portent généralement sur l’efficacité d’interventions médicales, s’intéressent aussi aux interventions de type criminologique. À notre connaissance, aucune étude ne s’est encore penchée sur les conclusions dégagées par la Collaboration Cochrane sur ce type d’intervention. Dans le présent article, le contenu de la revue électronique Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews a été analysé, pour la période allant de 2000 à 2008. Les résultats montrent que 33 recensions Cochrane ont traité d’interventions de type criminologique. Privilégiant les ERC, ces recensions n’ont retenu en moyenne que 2 % de toutes les études publiées dans différents champs d’intervention. Un tel résultat permet de discuter de la pertinence de la méthode Cochrane pour évaluer l’efficacité d’interventions à caractère plus social. Les questions posées concernent la représentativité des milieux où sont implantées les interventions, la concomitance et la complexité des problèmes à résoudre, les apports et limites des « protocoles » d’intervention, ainsi que les risques de retard, voire de paralysie, dans l’implantation d’approches innovantes.
Mots-clés:
- Essais randomisés contrôlés,
- recensions Cochrane,
- interventions,
- criminologie
Abstract
In reviews of scientific quality of studies, randomized controlled trials (RCT) are typically regarded as having the highest methodological rigour. Although the Cochrane Reviews are best known for their analysis of the effects of treatment in healthcare settings, they also investigate the effectiveness of criminological interventions. To our knowledge, no study has ever examined the conclusions of the Cochrane Reviews for this type of intervention. In this study, our analysis of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews between 2000 and 2008 found 33 Cochrane Reviews of criminological interventions. Not surprisingly, given its weight on RCT, on average only 2 % of these studies were assessed as having high methodological quality. These results raise questions about the appropriateness of the Cochrane Reviews to evaluate the scientific quality of social type interventions. Issues such as the representativeness of the environment where interventions are implemented, the concomitance and complexity of social problems, the contributions and limits of intervention protocols and the risks of delay, even paralysis, in the implementation of innovative approaches are not part of their scientific quality examinations.
Keywords:
- Randomized controlled trials,
- Cochrane reviews,
- interventions,
- criminology
Resumen
Los estudios randomizados controlados (ERC) figuran a la cabeza de las escalas de evaluación de la calidad científica de las investigaciones. En términos de credibilidad, sus resultados tienen prioridad en la corriente de prácticas basadas en la evidencia (Evidence Based Practice). Las revisiones sistemáticas Cochrane, que por lo general tratan sobre la eficacia de las intervenciones médicas, se usan también en las intervenciones de tipo criminológico. Hasta donde sabemos, ningún estudio se ha detenido aún en las conclusiones de la Colaboración Cochrane sobre la intervención de tipo criminológico. En este artículo hemos analizado el contenido de la revista electrónica Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews de 2000 a 2008 ; los resultados muestran que 33 revisiones sistemáticas Cochrane tratan sobre intervenciones de tipo criminológico. Privilegiando los ERC, estas revisiones no han retenido en promedio más que el 2 % del total de estudios publicados en ésta u otra área de intervención. Este resultado permite discutir la pertinencia del método Cochrane para evaluar la eficacia de intervenciones de índole más social. Las cuestiones planteadas conciernen la representatividad de los medios en que se han implantado las intervenciones, la concomitancia y complejidad de problemas por resolver, los aportes y límites de los protocolos de intervención y el riesgo de retraso, e incluso parálisis, en la instrumentación de enfoques innovadores.
Palabras clave:
- Estudios randomizados controlados,
- revisiones sistemáticas Cochrane,
- intervenciones,
- criminología
Parties annexes
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