Résumés
Abstract
Background: Post-simulation debriefing is a critical component of the learning process for simulation based medical education, and multiple frameworks have been established in an attempt to maximize learning during debriefing through guided reflection. This study developed and applied a rubric to measure facilitator adherence to the newly adopted Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation (PEARLS) debriefing framework to evaluate the efficacy of current faculty development.
Methods: A retrospective review of 187 videos using a structured 13-behavior rubric based on the PEARLS debriefing model was conducted of facilitator-learner debriefings following a simulated clinical encounter for medical students. The aggregate results were used to describe common patterns of debriefing and focus future faculty development efforts.
Results: In total, 187 debriefings facilitated by 32 different facilitators were analyzed. Average scores for each of the 13 PEARLS framework behaviors ranged from 0.04 to 0.971. Seven items had an average of ≥ 0.77, ten averaged > 0.60 and two averaged < 0.20.
Conclusions: Faculty adhered to some behaviors elicited by the PEARLS model more consistently than others. These results suggest that faculty facilitators are more likely to adhere to frameworks that focus on educational behaviors and less likely to adhere to organizational or methodological frameworks.
Résumé
Contexte : Le débriefing post-simulation est une composante essentielle du processus d'apprentissage dans le cadre de la formation médicale par simulation, et de nombreux cadres ont été établis pour tenter de maximiser l'apprentissage au cours du débriefing par le biais d'une réflexion guidée. Cette étude a développé et appliqué une grille afin de mesurer l'adhésion des facilitateurs au cadre de débriefing PEARLS (Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation), récemment adopté afin d'évaluer l'efficacité de la formation professorale actuelle.
Méthodes : Un examen rétrospectif de 187 vidéos utilisant une grille structurée contenant 13 comportements basée sur le modèle de débriefing PEARLS a été mené sur les débriefings facilitateur-apprenant après une rencontre clinique simulée pour des étudiants en médecine. Les résultats agrégés ont été utilisés pour décrire les schémas communs de débriefing et concentrer les futurs efforts de développement de la faculté.
Résultats : Au total, 187 débriefings animés par 32 facilitateurs différents ont été analysés. Les scores moyens pour chacun des 13 comportements du cadre PEARLS allaient de 0,04 à 0,971. Sept éléments avaient une moyenne ≥ 0,77, dix avaient une moyenne > 0,60 et deux avaient une moyenne < 0,20.
Conclusions : Le corps professoral a adhéré à certains comportements encouragés par le modèle PEARLS de manière plus systématique que d'autres. Ces résultats suggèrent que les facilitateurs issus du corps professoral sont plus susceptibles d'adhérer à des cadres qui se concentrent sur les comportements éducationnels et moins susceptibles d'adhérer à des cadres organisationnels ou méthodologiques.
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Ziv A, Wolpe PR, Small SD, Glick S. Simulation-based medical education: an ethical imperative. Acad Med 2003;78(8):783-8 https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200308000-00006
- Gaba DM. The future vision of simulation in healthcare. Simul Healthc 2007;2(2):126-35 https://doi.org/10.1136/qhc.13.suppl_1.i2
- Agha S. Effect of simulation based education for learning in medical students: a mixed study method. J Pak Med Assoc 2019;69(4):545-54 PMID: 31000861
- Palaganas JC, Fey M, Simon R. Structured debriefing in simulation-based education. AACN Adv Crit Care 2016;27(1):78-85/ https://doi.org/10.4037/aacnacc2016328
- Ryoo EN, Ha EH. The importance of debriefing in simulation-based learning: comparison between debriefing and no debriefing. Comput Inform Nurs 2015;33(12):538-45 https://doi.org/10.1097/cin.0000000000000194
- Sawyer T, Eppich W, Brett-Fleegler M, Grant V, Cheng A. More than one way to debrief: a critical review of healthcare simulation debriefing methods. Simul Healthc 2016;11(3):209-17. https://doi.org/10.1097/sih.0000000000000148
- Dufrene C, Young A. Successful debriefing - best methods to achieve positive learning outcomes: a literature review. Nurse Educ Today 2014;34(3):372-6 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2013.06.026.
- Barry Issenberg S, McGaghie WC, Petrusa ER, Lee Gordon D, Scalese RJ. Features and uses of high-fidelity medical simulations that lead to effective learning: a BEME systematic review. Med Teach. 2005;27(1):10-28 https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590500046924.
- Shirani Bidabadi N, Nasr Isfahani A, Rouhollahi A, Khalili R. Effective Teaching Methods in Higher Education: Requirements and Barriers. J Adv Med Educ Prof 2016;4(4):170-78 PMID: 27795967
- Owens MT, Trujillo G, Seidel SB, et al. Collectively improving our teaching: attempting biology department-wide professional development in scientific teaching. CBE life Sci Educ 2018;17(1):ar2 https://doi.org/10.1187/cbe.17-06-0106.
- Reierson IA, Haukedal TA, Hedeman H, Bjork IT. Structured debriefing: what difference does it make? Nurse Educ Pract 2017;25:104-10 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2017.04.013.
- Eppich W, Cheng A. Promoting Excellence and Reflective Learning in Simulation (PEARLS): development and rationale for a blended approach to health care simulation debriefing. Simul Healthc 2015;10(2):106-15 https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000072.
- Steinert Y, Mann K, Centeno A, Dolmans D, Spencer J, Gelula M, Prideaux D. A systematic review of faculty development initiatives designed to improve teaching effectiveness in medical education: BEME Guide No. 8. Med Teach 2009;28(6):497-526: https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590600902976
- Abulebda K, Srinivasan S, Maa T, Stormorken A, Chumpitazi C. Development, implementation, and evaluation of a faculty development workshop to enhance debriefing skills among novice facilitators. Cureus 2020: 10;12(2) https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.6942
- Cheng A, Vincent G, Dieckmann P, Sonal A, Robinson T, Eppich W. Faculty development for simulation programs: five issues for the future of debriefing training. Simul Healthc 2015: 10(4): 217-22 https://doi.org/10.1097/SIH.0000000000000090