Résumés
Résumé
Contexte : En matière de formation interprofessionnelle (FIP), les stages cliniques constituent une opportunité intéressante pour ancrer les connaissances théoriques sur l’interprofessionnalisme dans un contexte réel. Or, même si on retrouve une diversité d’expériences décrites dans la littérature scientifique, tant en regard du contexte de stage que des objectifs et des modalités de ce dernier, il n’existe aucune taxonomie adaptée aux stages interprofessionnels.
But : Le présent article propose donc une classification originale de l’intensité des apprentissages en contexte de stages interprofessionnels se basant sur les fondements théoriques de la FIP et sur les données issues d’une recension narrative à ce sujet.
Méthode : Une recension narrative de la littérature a été effectuée afin de cibler les articles portant sur des expériences de stages interprofessionnels en santé et services sociaux. Le processus d’analyse s’est déroulé par le biais d’itérations entre collectes de données provenant des articles et analyse selon les fondements théoriques en FIP et de l’expertise des membres de notre équipe interprofessionnelle de recherche. En cohérence avec les principes de devis de recherche de design pédagogique, ce processus a mené à la proposition, puis à la validation, d’une classification de l’intensité des apprentissages interprofessionnels en stages cliniques.
Résultats : Cette classification est composée de quatre niveaux suggérant une évolution de l’intensité de l’expérience pédagogique en fonction de la modalité et de la focalisation des activités, du degré d’interaction avec les patients, de la prévisibilité et la complexité des tâches et de la durée du stage.
Conclusion : Ce type de classification permettra d’aider de futurs instigateurs de stages à planifier de façon rigoureuse et cohérente la progression du développement des connaissances et des compétences des apprenants en FIP en fonction du contexte de leur programme et des objectifs visés.
Abstract
Context: In terms of interprofessional education (IPE), clinical internships are an interesting opportunity to anchor theoretical knowledge of interprofessionalism in an authentic context. However, even if there is a diversity of experiences described in the scientific literature regarding placement contexts, objectives, and modalities, no taxonomy is adapted to interprofessional internships.
Purpose: This article, therefore, proposes an original classification of the intensity of experiences and learning in the context of interprofessional internship experiences based on the modality of learning offered, the degree of experience with patients, the predictability and complexity of tasks required, the focus of learning and the duration of the internship. This classification is grounded in the theoretical foundations of IPE and on data from a narrative review analysis on this subject.
Method: A narrative literature review was conducted to target articles on interprofessional internship experiences in health and social services. The analysis process unfolded through iterations between data collection from the articles and analysis based on the theoretical foundations of IPE and expertise of research team members. In accordance with the instructional design research specifications, this process led to the proposal, then to the validation, of a classification of the intensity of interprofessional learning in clinical placements.
Results: This classification is composed of four levels suggesting an evolution of the intensity of the educational experience according to the modality and focus of learning, the degree of exposure to patients; the predictability and complexity of the tasks and the duration of the internship.
Conclusion: This type of classification will help future instigators of internships to plan, rigorously, and coherently, the progression of learners' knowledge and skills development in IPE based on their program context and goals.
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