Résumés
Abstract
Introduction: To provide competent care to patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), healthcare professionals must recognize the needs of neurodivergent populations and adapt their clinical approach. We assessed the perceived preparedness of medical students to adapt care delivery for patients with ASD/IDD, as well as their perceptions on neurodiversity education.
Methods: We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study on undergraduate medical students at McGill University during the academic year 2020-2021. We administered an online survey, followed by semi-structured interviews. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis. We integrated findings at the interpretation level.
Results: We included two-hundred-ten survey responses (~29% of class), and 12 interviews. Few students felt prepared to adjust care for patients with ASD/IDD despite most indicating doing so was important. Ninety-seven percent desired more training regarding care accommodation for neurodivergent patients. Thematic analysis unveiled the perception of current insufficient education, and the value of experiential learning.
Discussion/Conclusions: This study highlights low perceived preparedness of medical students to accommodate care for neurodivergent patients, and a desire for more instruction. Incorporating interactive training in medical school curricula regarding modifying care delivery for neurodivergent individuals may improve the perceived preparedness of medical trainees to work with these patients and care quality.
Résumé
Introduction : Pour fournir des soins compétents aux patients atteints d’un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) ou d’un trouble du développement intellectuel (TDI), les professionnels de la santé doivent reconnaître les besoins des populations neurodivergentes et adapter leur approche clinique. Nous avons évalué le degré perçu de préparation des étudiants en médecine à adapter la prestation de soins aux patients atteints de TSA/TDI, ainsi que leurs perceptions de la formation relative à la neurodiversité.
Méthodes : Nous avons mené une étude séquentielle explicative à méthodes mixtes auprès d'étudiants en médecine de premier cycle de l'Université McGill au cours de l'année universitaire 2020-2021. Nous avons administré un sondage en ligne, suivi d'entretiens semi-structurés. Nous avons analysé les données en faisant appel à la statistique descriptive et à une analyse thématique. Nous avons intégré les résultats sur le plan interprétatif.
Résultats : Nous avons inclus deux cent dix réponses à l'enquête (~29% de la classe), et 12 entretiens. Peu d'étudiants se sentaient préparés à adapter les soins aux patients atteints de TSA/TDI, bien que la plupart d'entre eux aient indiqué qu'il était important de le faire. Quatre-vingt-dix-sept pour cent d'entre eux souhaitaient davantage de formation sur l'adaptation des soins aux patients neurodivergents. L'analyse thématique a révélé que les participants considéraient la formation actuelle insuffisante et jugeaient utile l'apprentissage par l'expérience.
Discussion/Conclusions : Cette étude met en évidence le faible niveau de préparation perçu par les étudiants en médecine en ce qui concerne l'adaptation des soins aux patients neurodivergents, ainsi que le désir d'une formation plus poussée. L'intégration dans les programmes des facultés de médecine d'une formation interactive portant sur la modification de la prestation des soins pour les personnes neurodivergentes pourrait améliorer la perception des étudiants en médecine de leur degré de préparation à travailler avec ce type de patients et de la qualité des soins.
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