Résumés
Abstract
Background: Arts and Humanities (A/H) training is a powerful strategy to help medical students develop key competencies which align with the CanMEDS roles that Canadian physicians are expected to embody. Students with backgrounds in A/H may enter medical school with the skills and dispositions that A/H training provides. This paper explores the varied experiences of medical students with prior A/H backgrounds, with an emphasis on how they navigate relationships with their student cohorts and participate in undergraduate medical training environments.
Methods: Descriptive qualitative research methodology was used to conduct and analyze semi-structured interviews exploring the perspectives of Canadian medical students with either a A/H degree or training in A/H (n = 13). Domains such as identity, integration of interests, and challenges in maintaining A/H interests during medical training were explored.
Results: Participants described their A/H identity as intertwined with their identity as medical trainees and described their sense of interconnection between the disciplines. Challenges included imposter syndrome and difficulties in relating with peers from science backgrounds. Participants described returning to their A/H interests as a tool for wellness amidst medical training.
Conclusions: Medical students with a background in A/H training describe this background as offering both affordances and challenges for their sense of identity, belonging, and wellness. These students offer an untapped resource: they come with dispositions of value to medicine, and they perceive a positive, hidden A/H curriculum that supports their maintenance of these dispositions during training. Understanding more about these hidden treasures could help foster the development of well-rounded and humanistic physicians in the entire medical class.
Résumé
Contexte : Une formation en arts et sciences humaines (A/SH) est une stratégie efficace pour aider les étudiants en médecine à développer des compétences clés qui s'harmonisent aux rôles CanMEDS que les médecins canadiens sont censés incarner. Les étudiants ayant un bagage en A/SH peuvent entrer à la faculté de médecine dotés des compétences et des dispositions qu’une formation en A/SH apporte. Cet article explore les expériences diverses vécues par des étudiants en médecine ayant déjà un bagage en A/SH, en mettant l'accent sur la façon dont ils entretiennent des relations au sein de leurs cohortes d'étudiants et s'intègrent dans des contextes de formation médicale de premier cycle.
Méthodes : Une méthodologie de recherche qualitative descriptive a été utilisée pour mener et analyser des entretiens semi-structurés explorant les points de vue d'étudiants en médecine canadiens ayant soit un diplôme en A/SH ou une formation en A/SH (n=13). Des domaines tels que l'identité, la conciliation des champs d’intérêt et les défis liés au maintien de ceux liés aux A/SH pendant la formation médicale ont été explorés.
Résultats : Les participants ont décrit leur identité A/SH comme étant intimement liée à celle de médecin en formation et ont décrit leur sentiment d'interconnexion entre les disciplines. Parmi les défis à relever figurent le syndrome de l'imposteur et les difficultés à nouer des relations avec des pairs ayant un bagage scientifique. Les participants ont décrit le fait de revenir à leurs champs d’intérêt liés aux A/SH comme étant un outil de bien-être au courant de la formation médicale.
Conclusions : Les étudiants en médecine qui ont un bagage en A/SH le décrivent comme offrant à la fois des possibilités et des défis pour leur sentiment d'identité, d'appartenance et de bien-être. Ces étudiants constituent une ressource inexploitée : ils ont des dispositions recherchées en médecine et ils ont l'impression de profiter d’un curriculum caché A/H positif qui les aide à conserver ces dispositions au cours de leur formation. Mieux comprendre ces trésors cachés pourrait contribuer à favoriser le développement de médecins compétents et humanistes au sein de leur cohorte.
Veuillez télécharger l’article en PDF pour le lire.
Télécharger
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Mangione S, Chakraborti C, Staltari G, et al. Medical students’ exposure to the humanities correlates with positive personal qualities and reduced burnout: a multi-institutional U.S. survey. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(5):628-634. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-017-4275-8
- Wershof Schwartz A, Abramson JS, Wojnowich I, Accordino R, Ronan EJ, Rifkin MR. Evaluating the impact of the humanities in medical education. Mt Sinai J Med. 2009;76(4):372-380. https://doi.org/10.1002/msj.20126
- Wald HS, McFarland J, Markovina I. Medical humanities in medical education and practice. Med Teach. 2019;41(5):492-496. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1497151
- Frank JR, Danoff D. The CanMEDS initiative: implementing an outcomes-based framework of physician competencies. Med Teach. 2007;29(7):642-647. https://doi.org/10.1080/01421590701746983
- Dellasega C, Milone-Nuzzo P, Curci KM, Ballard JO, Kirch DG. The humanities interface of nursing and medicine. J Prof Nurs. 2007;23(3):174-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2007.01.006
- Ramai D, Goldin S. Humanities in medicine: preparing for practice. Perspect Med Educ. 2013;2(5-6):332-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-013-0086-8
- Gao L, Peranson J, Nyhof-Young J, Kapoor E, Rezmovitz J. The role of “improv” in health professional learning: A scoping review. Med Teach. 2019;41(5):561-568. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1505033
- Fox AL. Evaluation of a pilot arts and health module in a graduate community nutrition program. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2009;70(2):81-86. https://doi.org/10.3148/70.2.2009.81
- Maruyama M. Medical doodles: 30 minutes well spent. Interview by Carol Ann Courneya. Can Med Assoc J. 2012;184(12):1395-1396. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.111453
- Cox SM, Brett-MacLean P, Courneya CA. “My turbinado sugar”: Art-making, well-being and professional identity in medical education. Arts Health. 2016;8(1):65-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/17533015.2015.1037318
- Emanuel EJ. Changing premed requirements and the medical curriculum. JAMA. 2006;296(9):1128-1131. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.9.1128
- Smydra R, May M, Taranikanti V, Mi M. Integration of arts and humanities in medical education: a narrative review. J Cancer Educ. 2022;37(5):1267-1274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-021-02058-3
- Kollmer Horton ME. The orphan child: humanities in modern medical education. Philos Ethics Humanit Med. 2019;14(1):1. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13010-018-0067-y
- Banaszek A. Medical humanities courses becoming prerequisites in many medical schools. Can Med Assoc J. 2011;183(8):E441-2. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-3830
- Moniz T, Golafshani M, Gaspar CM, et al. How are the arts and humanities used in medical education? results of a scoping review. Acad Med. 2021;96(8):1213-1222. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000004118
- Kidd MG, Connor JTH. Striving to do good things: teaching humanities in Canadian medical schools. J Med Humanit. 2008;29(1):45-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10912-007-9049-6
- Axelrod C, Brenna CT, Gershon A, Peterkin A, Nyhof-Young J. The Companion Curriculum: medical students’ perceptions of the integration of humanities within medical education. Can Med Educ J. October 2022. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.72907
- Sandelowski M. Whatever happened to qualitative description? Res Nurs Health. 2000;23(4):334-340. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-240X(200008)23:4<334::AID-NUR9>3.0.CO;2-G
- Kim H, Sefcik JS, Bradway C. Characteristics of qualitative descriptive studies: A systematic review. Res Nurs Health. 2017;40(1):23-42. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21768
- Braun V, Clarke V. Thematic Analysis: a practical guide. Los Angeles, CA: SAGE; 2022.
- Malterud K, Siersma VD, Guassora AD. Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power. Qual Health Res. 2016;26(13):1753-1760. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315617444
- Kiger ME, Varpio L. Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Med Teach. 2020;42(8):846-854. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
- Ratzan RM. How to fix the premedical curriculum-another try. JAMA. 2019;322(8):710-711. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.11480
- Peterkin A, Beausoleil N, Kidd M, Orang B, Noroozi H, Brett-Maclean P. Medical humanities in Canadian medical schools. In: Alan B, ed. Routledge Handbook of the Medical Humanities. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2019:364-374.
- Bramstedt KA. The use of visual arts as a window to diagnosing medical pathologies. AMA J Ethics. 2016;18(8):843-854. https://doi.org/10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.8.imhl1-1608
- Hunter KM, Charon R, Coulehan JL. The study of literature in medical education. Acad Med. 1995;70(9):787-794.
- Dennhardt S, Apramian T, Lingard L, Torabi N, Arntfield S. Rethinking research in the medical humanities: a scoping review and narrative synthesis of quantitative outcome studies. Med Educ. 2016;50(3):285-299. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.12812
- Kumagai AK, Naidu T. Reflection, dialogue, and the possibilities of space. Acad Med. 2015;90(3):283-288. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000000582
- Monrouxe LV. Identity, identification and medical education: why should we care? Med Educ. 2010;44(1):40-49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2009.03440.x
- Joseph K, Bader K, Wilson S, Walker M, Stephens M, Varpio L. Unmasking identity dissonance: exploring medical students’ professional identity formation through mask making. Perspect Med Educ. 2017;6(2):99-107. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-017-0339-z
- Ledger A, Joynes V. “A huge part of my life”: Exploring links between music, medical education, and students’ developing identities as doctors. MedEdPublish. 2018;7(3). https://doi.org/10.15694/mep.2018.0000183.1
- Kluijtmans M, de Haan E, Akkerman S, van Tartwijk J. Professional identity in clinician-scientists: brokers between care and science. Med Educ. 2017;51(6):645-655. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13241
- Kumagai AK. Perspective: acts of interpretation: a philosophical approach to using creative arts in medical education. Acad Med. 2012;87(8):1138-1144. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0b013e31825d0fd7
- Rabow MW. Drawing on experience: physician artwork in a course on professional development. Med Educ. 2003;37(11):1040-1041. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2003.01650.x