Résumés
Abstract
Background: The concept of spatial orientation is integral to health education. Students studying to be healthcare professionals use their visual intelligence to develop 3D mental models from 2D images, like X-rays, MRI, and CT scans, which exerts a heavy cognitive load on them. Innovative teaching tools and technologies are being developed to improve students’ learning experiences. However, the impact of these teaching modalities on spatial understanding is not often evaluated. This systematic review aims to investigate current literature to identify which teaching tools and techniques are intended to improve the 3D sense of students and how these tools impact learners’ spatial understanding.
Methods: The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed for the systematic review. Four databases were searched with multiple search terms. The articles were screened based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and assessed for quality.
Results: Nineteen articles were eligible for our systematic review. Teaching tools focused on improving spatial concepts can be grouped into five categories. The review findings reveal that the experimental groups have performed equally well or significantly better in tests and tasks with access to the teaching tool than the control groups.
Conclusion: Our review investigated the current literature to identify and categorize teaching tools shown to improve spatial understanding in healthcare professionals. The teaching tools identified in our review showed improvement in measured, and perceived spatial intelligence. However, a wide variation exists among the teaching tools and assessment techniques. We also identified knowledge gaps and future research opportunities.
Résumé
Contexte : Le concept d’orientation spatiale fait partie intégrante de l’enseignement des professions de la santé. Les étudiants utilisent leur intelligence visuelle pour se représenter mentalement en 3D des images en 2D comme des radiographies, de l’IRM et des coupes tomodensitométriques, ce qui constitue une lourde charge cognitive. On développe actuellement des technologies et des outils pédagogiques innovants pour améliorer l’expérience d’apprentissage des étudiants. Cependant, l’impact de ces ressources pédagogiques sur la perception spatiale est rarement évalué. L’objectif de cette revue systématique de la littérature était de recenser les outils et techniques pédagogiques destinés à améliorer la perception 3D des apprenants et d’évaluer les effets de ces outils sur leur perception spatiale.
Méthodes : Suivant les lignes directrices PRISMA, nous avons consulté quatre bases de données avec des termes de recherche multiples, analysé les articles recensés en fonction de critères d’inclusion et d’exclusion, et évalué leur qualité.
Résultats : Dix-neuf articles correspondaient aux critères d’inclusion. Les outils pédagogiques axés sur l’amélioration de la perception spatiale peuvent être regroupés en cinq catégories. L’examen a révélé que les résultats obtenus par les groupes expérimentaux ayant utilisé l’outil pédagogique pour effectuer les tests et les tâches demandés sont aussi bons ou significativement meilleurs que les résultats obtenus par les groupes témoins.
Conclusion : Notre revue de la littérature visant à recenser et catégoriser les outils pédagogiques disponibles a montré que ces derniers améliorent la perception spatiale, notamment l’intelligence spatiale mesurée et perçue, des professionnels de la santé. Toutefois, il existe une grande variation entre les divers outils pédagogiques et techniques d’évaluation. Nous avons également relevé des lacunes dans nos connaissances et des pistes de recherche future.
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