Résumés
Résumé
Le partage de commentaires formatifs est inhérent au processus de supervision et l’acceptation de la rétroaction par les apprenants est une étape essentielle à l’apprentissage. Cependant, recevoir des commentaires du superviseur suscite des émotions et les accepter n’est pas facile. Plusieurs recommandations guident les superviseurs sur la façon de partager leurs observations aux apprenants et toutes soulignent l’importance d’encourager l’apprenant à interagir de façon active au processus de rétroaction. Bien que des études dénotent l’effet positif d’informer et de former les apprenants sur la rétroaction, peu s’attardent à les outiller à mieux réagir à la rétroaction. Fondés sur les observations de superviseurs expérimentés, nous proposons un modèle cognitivo-comportemental qui vise à guider les apprenants à aborder la rétroaction avec un état d’esprit de croissance personnelle associé à la position d’apprentissage. Sous le registre de l’acquisition d’une compétence personnelle destinée à mieux accepter les commentaires, le modèle présente un ensemble interdépendant d’attitudes et de comportements destiné à faciliter la gestion des émotions, l’auto-réflexion et l’engagement dans le processus de rétroaction nécessaires à l’apprentissage et à l’acquisition de compétences. L’acronyme H.O.T.E. rappelle aux étudiants les quatre éléments essentiels du modèle : l’humilité, l’ouverture d’esprit, la ténacité et l’explicitation. S’inspirant du courant de la psychologie positive, chaque élément est défini et justifié par des concepts théoriques connus. Pour mieux assimiler les composantes du modèle, l’utilisation de dialogue intérieur est retenue pour faciliter l’entrainement et l’adoption des comportements. L’essence du modèle est discutée à la lumière de la littéracie en rétroaction dédiée aux apprenants.
Abstract
Sharing formative feedback is inherent in the supervision process and the acceptance of feedback by learners is an essential step in learning. However, receiving feedback from the supervisor evokes emotions and accepting it is not easy. Several recommendations guide preceptors on how to share feedback with learners and all emphasize the importance of encouraging the learner to actively interact in the feedback process. Although studies point to the positive effect of informing and training learners about feedback, few focus on their responsiveness to feedback. Under the rubric of developing a personal skill to better accept feedback, we propose a new behavioral model, called H.O.S.T., which aims to guide learners to approach feedback with a personal growth mindset associated with the learning position. Specifically, the model presents an interdependent set of attitudes and behaviors that aim to facilitate emotional management and engagement in the feedback process, in order to initiate the reflective process necessary for learning and to enable the acquisition of targeted skills. The acronym H.O.S.T. reminds students of the four essential elements of the behavioral model: humility, openness, shared explicitness and tenacity. Based on the positive psychology movement, each element is defined and justified by known theoretical concepts. In order to better assimilate the components of the model, the use of internal dialogue is adopted to facilitate the training and adoption of behaviors. The essence of the model is discussed in light of the feedback literacy dedicated to learners.
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