Résumés
Abstract
Despite the status of Canada and the United States as major destinations for refugees worldwide, school-age refugee children in their K–12 schools continue to face significant challenges. To better understand barriers and facilitators for refugee students after resettlement, we carried out a meta-synthesis of 34 peer-reviewed articles that shed light on the educational experiences of refugee students in this geographic context. Our analysis shows that refugee students face such barriers as inappropriate grade placement, deficit thinking of teachers, language barriers, lack of trauma-specific counselling, and misunderstandings in family-school communication. Nevertheless, refugee students benefit from culturally relevant curriculum and pedagogy and the availability of cultural brokers and liaisons. The key theoretical and policy implication of this meta-synthesis is the need to shift the focus from the type of refugee programs (integrated or separate) to the presence of facilitating factors that enhance the academic success and social integration of refugee students.
Keywords:
- refugee education,
- immigration,
- meta-synthesis,
- culturally relevant pedagogy,
- K–12 education
Résumé
Malgré le statut du Canada et des États-Unis en tant que destinations majeures pour les réfugiés du monde entier, les enfants réfugiés d’âge scolaire de la maternelle à la 12e année continuent de faire face à des défis importants. Afin de mieux comprendre les obstacles et les éléments facilitants pour les élèves réfugiés après leur réinstallation, nous avons réalisé une méta-synthèse de 34 articles évalués par des pairs qui mettent en lumière les expériences éducatives des élèves réfugiés dans ce contexte géographique. Notre analyse montre que les élèves réfugiés se heurtent à des obstacles comme un classement scolaire inadéquat, une compréhension lacunaire de leur situation de la part des enseignants, des barrières linguistiques, l’absence de services de soutien psychologique adaptés aux traumatismes, et des malentendus entre la famille et l’école lors des communications. Néanmoins, les élèves réfugiés bénéficient d’un programme d’études et d’une pédagogie adaptés à leur culture, ainsi que de la présence d’intermédiaires et d’agents de liaison culturels. La principale implication théorique et politique de cette méta-synthèse est la nécessité de ne plus se focaliser sur le type de programmes destinés aux réfugiés (intégrés ou séparés), mais sur la présence de facteurs facilitant la réussite scolaire et l’intégration sociale des élèves réfugiés.
Mots-clés :
- éducation des réfugiés,
- immigration,
- méta-synthèse,
- pédagogie culturellement pertinente,
- éducation de la maternelle à la 12e année
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