Résumés
Abstract
In this article, we share findings from an analysis of Ontario Catholic school board policy documents (N = 179) containing Canada’s newest human rights grounds: gender expression and gender identity. Our major finding may be unsurprising—that Ontario Catholic boards are generally not responding to Toby’s Act (passed in 2012) at the level of policy, as few boards have added these grounds in a way that enacts the spirit of that legislation. While this finding is likely unsurprising, our study also yielded findings that unsettle any facile binary of “Catholic boards/bad” and “public secular boards/good” in relation to gender diversity. We also leverage our findings to suggest a striking possibility for a vigorous and doctrinally-compatible embrace of gender expression protections in Catholic schools, if not gender identity protections. We argue that fear of gender expression protections may stem from an erroneous conflation of “gender expression” with “gender identity” when these are in fact separate grounds—a conflation that is also endemic within secular Ontario school board policy; this doubles as a conflation of gender expression with “transgender,” as the latter is unfailingly linked with gender identity human rights. We make a series of recommendations for policy, and a case for Catholic schools embracing their legal duty to provide a learning environment free from gender expression discrimination without doctrinal conflict and arguably with ample doctrinal support, so that students of all gender expressions can flourish regardless of whether they are or will come to know they are transgender.
Keywords:
- gender expression,
- gender identity,
- transgender,
- Ontario,
- school boards,
- policy,
- Toby's Act,
- human rights
Résumé
Dans cet article, nous partageons les résultats d’une analyse des documents de politiques des conseils scolaires catholiques de l’Ontario (n = 179) comprenant les plus récents fondements ayant trait aux droits de la personne du Canada : l’expression de genre et l’identité de genre. Notre principale conclusion n’est sûrement pas surprenante : les conseils scolaires catholiques de l’Ontario ne répondent généralement pas à la Loi Toby (adoptée en 2012) sur le plan de leurs politiques, puisque peu de conseils ont décidé d’ajouter ces fondements de façon à permettre que l’esprit de cette loi soit respecté. Bien que cette constatation ne soit pas vraiment surprenante, notre étude a également obtenu des résultats qui remettent en question la notion du binarisme rudimentaire « conseils catholiques, mauvais » et « conseils publics laïcs, bons » en ce qui a trait à la diversité des genres. Nos résultats permettent également d’entrevoir la possibilité prometteuse d’une adoption enthousiaste et doctrinalement compatible à la protection de l’expression de genre dans les écoles catholiques, voire à la protection de l’identité de genre. Nous soutenons que la réticence entourant la protection de l’expression du genre a peut-être pour fondement la confusion des termes « expression de genre » et « identité de genre », alors qu’il s’agit en fait de fondements distincts. Cette convergence est également endémique dans les politiques des conseils scolaires laïcs de l’Ontario, ce qui entraîne en même temps la convergence des termes « expression de genre » et « transgenre », ce dernier étant indéfectiblement lié aux droits de la personne portant sur l’identité de genre. Nous avons rédigé une série de recommandations en matière de politiques, et nous plaidons pour que les écoles catholiques s’acquittent de leur obligation légale de fournir un environnement d’apprentissage exempt de discrimination fondée sur l’expression de genre, sans conflit doctrinal et avec un large soutien doctrinal, afin que les élèves de toutes les expressions de genre puissent s’épanouir, que cette personne soit transgenre ou non.
Mots-clés :
- expression de genre,
- identité de genre,
- transgenre,
- Ontario,
- conseils scolaires,
- politiques,
- Loi Toby,
- droits de la personne
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