Résumés
Abstract
This paper discusses the representation of violence in Brazilian cinema and television through analysis of the TV series City of Men (2003-7), which is a follow-up to the film City of God (2002), with the same actors, sets and non-linear narrative. The project began with the production of the TV episode Palace II (2000), which was developed into City of God’s script. After receiving international acclaim, it resulted in the production of City of Men. In this context, it is important to emphasise the relationship between cinema and television and their particular features as products of the Brazilian audiovisual industry’s renaissance in the 1990s. The representation of violence is analysed not only as a thematic issue common to Brazilian favelas but also as an aesthetic element of TV drama. The representation of the oppressed has been well known in Brazilian cinema since Glauber Rocha’s manifesto “Aesthetics of Hunger” (1965), in which he argues that films need to be aggressive in order to truly expose poverty. The main point to be addressed, however, is whether the representation of violence in this series conveys, criticises or reflects about what is really happening in Brazilian favelas or if it merely offers an aesthetic look into poverty for the delight of audiences in Brazil and abroad.
Résumé
Cet article examine la représentation de la violence dans le cinéma et la télévision du Brésil, en analysant la télésérie Cidade dos Homens (2003-2007), une suite au film Cidade de Deus (2002) présentant les mêmes acteurs, les mêmes décors et un même récit non linéaire. Le projet débute avec la production d’un épisode télé intitulé Palace II (2000), qui servira ensuite de base au scénario de Cidade de Deus. Le succès critique du film à l’échelle internationale mènera ensuite à la production de Cidade dos Homens. Il est dès lors important d’insister sur la relation qu’entretiennent le cinéma et la télévision, ainsi que sur leurs caractéristiques particulières, durant la renaissance de l’industrie audiovisuelle brésilienne des années 1990. La représentation de la violence est analysée non seulement dans sa façon de thématiser un problème inhérent aux favelas brésiliennes, mais aussi en tant que composante esthétique de la fiction télévisuelle. La représentation des opprimés est un autre aspect bien connu du cinéma brésilien depuis le manifeste de Glauber Rocha, « Esthétique de la faim » (1965), dans lequel il avance que les films doivent faire preuve de violence pour révéler véritablement la pauvreté. Le principal enjeu, toutefois, sera de déterminer si la représentation de la violence dans cette série exprime, critique ou questionne ce qui se passe réellement dans les favelas brésiliennes ou si elle n’offre qu’un regard esthétisé sur la pauvreté, pour le simple plaisir du public brésilien et étranger.
Parties annexes
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