Résumés
Résumé
Notre objectif, dans cet article, est de vérifier l’existence d’iniquités environnementales en termes d’accessibilité aux aires de jeux sur le territoire de la Communauté métropolitaine de Montréal pour les enfants, les familles monoparentales, les personnes à faible revenu et les minorités visibles. Deux indicateurs d’accessibilité spatiale sont calculés : une mesure de proximité et une mesure de disponibilité basée sur l’offre et la demande d’aires de jeux. La cartographie des deux indicateurs démontre que, dans les banlieues, ces populations résident plus loin de l’aire de jeux la plus proche (souvent à plus 750 m) qui est par ailleurs faiblement saturée (peu d’utilisateurs potentiels dans un rayon de 1000 m) alors que, dans le centre de l’agglomération de Montréal, les enfants résident à proximité d’une aire de jeux (souvent à moins de 500 m), mais qui est potentiellement saturée. Les résultats des régressions démontrent l’absence d’iniquités flagrantes pour les quatre groupes de population. Toutefois, la population à faible revenu a une accessibilité plus limitée alors que les familles monoparentales bénéficient d’une meilleure accessibilité.
Mots-clés :
- Équité environnementale,
- parcs,
- aires de jeux,
- enfants,
- analyse spatiale,
- SIG,
- population à faible revenu,
- minorités visibles,
- familles monoparentales,
- Montréal
Abstract
The goal of this paper is to examine the existence of environmental inequities related to the access to playgrounds in the Montreal Metropolitan Community for children, single-parent families, low-income persons and visible minorities. Two spatial accessibility indicators are computed: one measuring proximity (to the closest playground), another measuring availability (based on supply and demand). The mapping of these two indicators show that suburban populations generally live farther from playgrounds (more than 750 metres) that are not saturated (few potential users within one kilometre). Inversely, in the central parts of the island of Montreal, children usually live closer to playgrounds (less than 500 metres) that are more likely to be saturated (many potential users within one kilometre). The regression results show no major inequities for the four population groups. However, the low-income population has a more limited accessibility to playgrounds, while single-parent families have better accessibility.
Keywords:
- Environmental equity,
- parks,
- playgrounds,
- children,
- spatial analysis,
- GIS,
- low-income population,
- visible minorities,
- single-parent families,
- Montreal
Resumen
Nuestro objetivo, en este artículo, es el de verificar la existencia de iniquidades medio-ambientales sobre la accesibilidad a áreas de juego en el territorio de la Comunidad Metropolitana de Montreal, de niños, familias monoparentales, personas con pocos ingresos y minorías visibles. Dos indicadores de accesibilidad espacial son aquí calculados: una medida de proximidad y otra de disponibilidad según la oferta y la demanda de áreas de juego. La cartografía de los dos indicadores muestra que, en la periferia, esas poblaciones residen lejos del área de juego más cercano (frecuentemente a más de 750 m), pero reducidamente saturado (pocos usuarios potenciales por 1 000 m); aun que, en la aglomeración central de Montreal, los niños residen cerca de un área de juego (frecuentemente a menos de 500 m), pero potencialmente saturado. Los resultados de los cálculos de regresión demuestran la ausencia de iniquidades flagrantes para los cuatro grupos de población. Sin embargo, la población con pocos ingresos tiene una accesibilidad más limitada, en tanto que las familias monoparentales benefician de una mejor accesibilidad.
Palabras clave:
- Equidad medio-ambiental,
- parques,
- áreas de juego,
- niños,
- análisis espacial,
- SIG,
- población de pocos ingresos,
- minorías visibles,
- familias monoparentales,
- Montreal
Parties annexes
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