Résumés
Abstract
Although medical conspiracy theories have existed for at least two centuries, they have become more popular and persistent in recent times. This has become a pressing problem for medical practice, as such irrational beliefs may be an obstacle to important medical procedures, such as vaccination. While there is scholarly agreement that the problem of medical conspiracy theories needs to be addressed, there is no consensus on what is the best approach. In this article, we assess some strategies. Although there are risks involved, it is important to engage with medical conspiracy theories and rebut them. However, the proposal to do so as part of “cognitive infiltration” is too risky. Media outlets have a major role to play in the rebuttal of medical conspiracy theories, but it is important for journalists not to politicize this task. Two additional long-term strategies are also necessary: stimulation of critical thinking in education, and empowerment of traditionally marginalized groups.
Keywords:
- medical conspiracy theories,
- vaccine hesitancy,
- strategies,
- cognitive infiltration,
- media
Résumé
Bien que les théories de la conspiration médicale existent depuis au moins deux siècles, elles sont devenues plus populaires et plus persistantes ces derniers temps. C’est devenu un problème urgent pour la pratique médicale, car ces croyances irrationnelles peuvent constituer un obstacle à des procédures médicales importantes, telles que la vaccination. Si les spécialistes s’accordent à dire que le problème des théories de la conspiration médicale doit être abordé, il n’y a pas de consensus sur la meilleure approche à adopter. Dans cet article, nous évaluons quelques stratégies. Malgré les risques encourus, il est important de s’intéresser aux théories de la conspiration médicale et de les réfuter. Toutefois, la proposition de le faire dans le cadre d’une “infiltration cognitive” est trop risquée. Les médias ont un rôle majeur à jouer dans la réfutation des théories de la conspiration médicale, mais il est important que les journalistes ne politisent pas cette tâche. Deux autres stratégies à long terme sont également nécessaires: la stimulation de la pensée critique dans l’enseignement et l’autonomisation des groupes traditionnellement marginalisés.
Mots-clés :
- théories du complot médical,
- hésitation vaccinale,
- stratégies,
- infiltration cognitive,
- médias
Parties annexes
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