Résumés
Abstract
The main objection to genetic enhancement is that it will create a “genetic apartheid,” deepening existing inequalities. This paper offers considerations that can weaken the inequality argument against genetic enhancement. First, I question the dichotomy of treatment versus enhancement since the differences between the two are unclear. Second, I argue that human enhancement is part of human nature and that there is no sound reason to accept it in other domains while rejecting it in genetics. The paper also demonstrates that inequality is present in every dimension of society, that “God-given” genetics is profoundly unequal, and that genetic enhancement can operate as a mechanism by which a new genetic equality can be achieved. However, the paper underlines that genetic equality is not, per se, a value to which we ought to aspire if it leads us to a uniform community of downsized human beings. Genetic equality is only valuable if it enhances humankind in general.
Keywords:
- human enhancement,
- law,
- genetics,
- discrimination
Résumé
La principale objection à l’amélioration génétique est qu’elle créera un « apartheid génétique », aggravant les inégalités existantes. Cet article met en lumière des considérations qui peuvent affaiblir l’argument de l’inégalité contre l’amélioration génétique. Tout d’abord, je remets en question la dichotomie entre traitement et amélioration, car les différences entre les deux ne sont pas claires. Deuxièmement, je démontre que l’amélioration humaine fait partie de la nature humaine et qu’il n’y a aucune raison valable de l’accepter dans d’autres domaines tout en la rejetant en génétique. L’article démontre également que l’inégalité est présente dans toutes les dimensions de la société, que la génétique « divine » est profondément inégale et que l’amélioration génétique peut fonctionner comme un mécanisme permettant d’atteindre une nouvelle égalité génétique. Toutefois, l’article souligne que l’égalité génétique n’est pas, en soi, une valeur à laquelle aspirer si elle nous conduit à une communauté uniforme d’êtres humains réduits. L’égalité génétique n’a de valeur que si elle améliore l’humanité en général.
Mots-clés :
- amélioration de l’homme,
- droit,
- génétique,
- discrimination
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Parties annexes
Remerciements / Acknowledgements
L’auteur tient à remercier les évaluateurs et les éditeurs pour leur précieuse contribution à la version finale de cet article.
The author wishes to acknowledge the valuable contributions of the peer-reviewers and the editors for the final version of this text.
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